Module 2: The Critical

Basis of Studying Rizal

Subtitle
 Learning Outcomes

1. Distinguish the concept and limitations of Rizal as a hero.

2. Describe what characterizes a hero making Rizal as the
reference point
3. Write a reflection paper about Rizal as the Philippine national
hero.
I. Pre-Activity:
Picture Analysis
Instruction: Study the pictures. Identify if the
persons/characters shown qualify as a hero or not.
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
YES

NO
II. Reading Activity
a. Direction. Read the article. Write
2-3 sentence summary for each
paragraph.

b. With the help of Summary

Graphic Organizer, identify the main
ideas of the article. This map will
help you brainstorm with your
ideas and show relationships
between the main ideas and the
supporting ideas. Procedure on how
to use it is included in the graphic
organizer.
c. Supply the following phrases with your thoughts:
1. The author is trying to tell me that…
2. I was surprised by…
3. I wonder why…
4. If I could ask the character or the author, it would
be…
5. The most interesting idea of the article to me is…
Deepening:
 Concept of heroism

How do you define hero ?​

Guide What are the qualifications or criteria

Questions of a hero?​

How to choose a hero?​

 “Bayani”​

“Tumutukoy hindi lamang sa isang matapang na tao kundi isang

lider-mandirigma na ang talino, tapang, katapatan, at kakayahan
ay nasubukan at napanday sa aktwal na labanan ​.”
-Nolasco, 1997
In mythology, a Hero is someone who possesses great courage,
strength, and is favored by the gods.

In modern definitions, a Hero is: someone who has

distinguished courage and ability, someone who do good deeds
for the greater good of others, and mostly works alone.
The Indigenous Bayani

“wani” must have been borrowed from Malay​

-helping; ​
-ability to keep order in his community​
bayani (Tagalog)​
bagani (Bagobo) ​
- warrior that defends their community​
 What makes someone a hero?

 Kendra Cherry (2020). The Characteristics of a Hero. Very well mind.

https://www.verywellmind.com/characteristics-of-heroism-2795943#12-characteristics-of-heroism
 What makes someone a hero?

 Kendra Cherry (2020). The Characteristics of a Hero. Very well mind.

https://www.verywellmind.com/characteristics-of-heroism-2795943#12-characteristics-of-heroism
 Philippine Historical Committee (1965)​

• extent of the hero’s sacrifices​

• motive and methods employed in
the attainment of an ideal​
• moral character of the person​
• influence of the person to his age or
the succeeding age​
But did the Americans really make Rizal a hero?

Felice Prudente Sta. Maria’s In

Excelsis: The Mission of José
P. Rizal and Ambeth Ocampo’s
Rizal Without the Overcoat,
summarized in two simple
items:
1. Less than two months before the outbreak of the
Philippine-American War, meaning the Americans had not
firmly established their total occupation of the Philippines,
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippine
Revolutionary Government, proclaimed Dec. 30, 1898 (the
second anniversary of Rizal’s death) as the first Rizal Day, in
honor of Rizal “and other heroes who died during the
Spanish domination of the Philippines.”

He mandated a day of mourning in which flags would fly at

half mast, buildings and homes would be creped, offices and
businesses would be closed, and church bells tolled.
2. Even before Rizal died, the Katipunan made the word “Rizal” the
password of their highest order of membership, the Bayani, and
placed his photos in membership meetings.

He may have been falsely executed for the founding of the

Katipunan but the Spanish charge that he was the “very soul of the
rebellion” may not have been unfounded. Andres Bonifacio
translated Rizal’s “Last Farewell” to Tagalog and distributed it to
further inspire the revolutionaries.

That revolution of the Filipino people won us our own freedom

after 333 years and Rizal was the hero foremost in our hearts.
The reason for the enthusiastic American attitude becomes clear in
the following appraisal of Rizal by Forbes: Rizal never advocated
independence, nor did he advocate armed resistance to the
government.

He urged reform from within by publicity, by public education, and

appeal to the public conscience.
(Underscoring supplied)

So yes, Rizal was already a hero to many Filipinos, and because of

this, the Americans used this and rode on his popularity and linked
him and his ideals to their pet project — the public school education
system
 Assessment 1: Synthesis

After reading the main article, “Veneration Without

Understanding”, and the two supplement articles, write a reflection
paper revolving around this question: “Does Rizal deserve to be our
National Hero?” (50 points)
Your paper should be written in English and followed the basic
structure: introduction, body, and conclusion. The paper will
consist of three hundred (300) words. It is in Word format, Times
New Roman, 12 font-size, single-spaced and justified.
Task Ahead: Situational Analysis
Assessment 2

• Question to ponder
If you are to upload a drawing of Rizal on your social media account, how would you best
describe him as a person?

• Mechanics:
1. Create a representation of Rizal as how you illustrated him as a person. through a digital
or a freehand drawing. The drawing may be a symbol, logo or object to best represent Rizal.
2. Provide a description of that drawing by relating it to the remarkable contributions of
Rizal for the country. Minimum 2 sentences to a maximum of 3 sentences only.
3. Create a hashtag for that drawing. No need to explain the hashtag.
4. The drawing with description and hashtag must be saved in PDF format.
5. Upload on Canvas Assignment