« Peace keeping is not a job for soldiers,

but only soldiers can do it »

DAG HAMMARKJOLD
UN Secretary-general 1953-1961
INTRODUCTION
Organization and Principles
 Activities undertaken by Nations
 Principles of UN peacekeeping
 Military Observers TASKS
 INTRODUCTION
• In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in
San Francisco at the United Nations Conference
on International Organization to draw up
the United Nations Charter. Those delegates
deliberated on the basis of proposals worked
out by the representatives of China, France, the
Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the
United States. The Charter was signed on 26
June 1945 by the representatives of the 50
countries . United Nations Day is celebrated on
24 October each year .
 Organization and Principles

• The Charter of the United Nations

comprises a preamble and 19 chapters
divided into 111 articles. The charter sets
forth the purposes of the UN as:
•the maintenance of international peace
•the maintenance of international security;
• the development of friendly relations
among states;
• the achievement of cooperation in solving
international economic, social, cultural,
and humanitarian problems. It expresses a
strong hope for the equality of all people
and the expansion of basic freedoms.
 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

TRUSTEESHIP
COUNCIL
UN System INTERNATIONAL
COURT OF JUSTICE

GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL SECRETARIA

T
 Humanitarian activities

High Commissioner UN Development

for Refugees Program

World Food Program

Other UN UN Children’s Fund

Organizations
 Activities undertaken
by the United
- Nations
Peacekeeping is one among a range of
activities undertaken by the United
Nations to maintain international peace
and security throughout the world.
The other activities are:
• Peacemaking
• Peace enforcement
• Peacebuilding
 Today's peacekeeping

operations are conducted to:

1. Maintain peace and security,

2. Facilitate a political process,

3. Protect civilians,
4. Assist in the Disarmament, Demobilisation and
Reintegration (DDR ) of former combatants,  
5. Support the organization of elections,

6. Protect and promote human rights.

 Peacemaking

• Generally, Peacemaking includes measures to

address conflicts in progress and usually involves
diplomatic action to bring hostile parties to a
negotiated agreement.

• Peacemakers may also be envoys, governments,

groups of states, regional organizations or the United
Nations.

• Peacemaking efforts may also be undertaken by

unofficial and non-governmental groups, or by a
prominent personality working independently.
 Peace enforcement

• Peace enforcement involves the

application of a range of coercive
measures, including the use of
military force. It requires the explicit
authorization of the Security
Council.
 Peacebuilding
• Peacebuilding aims to reduce the risk of
lapsing or relapsing into conflict by
strengthening national capacities at all
levels for conflict management, and to
lay the foundation for sustainable peace
and development. It is a complex, long-
term process of creating the necessary
conditions for sustainable peace.
 Rules of engagement ROE

cover:

• Use of force

• Use of weapons systems

• Authority to carry weapons

• Authority to detain, search, disarm

• Reactions to civil actions or unrest

 Principles of UN
peacekeeping
There are three basic principles that
continue to set UN peacekeeping
operations apart as a tool for maintaining
international peace and security ,These
three principles are inter-related and
mutually reinforcing:

• Consent of the parties .

• Impartiality .
• Non-use of force except in self-defence.
and defence of the mandate .
 Consent of the parties

• UN peacekeeping operations are

deployed with the consent of the main
parties to the conflict. This requires a
commitment by the parties to a political
process. Their acceptance of a
peacekeeping operation provides the
UN with the necessary freedom of
action; both political and physical to
carry out its mandated tasks.
 Impartiality

• Impartiality is crucial to maintaining the

consent and cooperation of the main
parties, but should not be confused
with neutrality or inactivity. United
Nations peacekeepers should be
impartial in their dealings with the
parties to the conflict, but not neutral in
the execution of their mandate.
 Non-use of force except in self-defence and
and defence of the mandate

• UN peacekeeping operations are not an

enforcement tool. However, they may
use force at the tactical level, with the
authorization of the Security Council, if
acting in self-defence and defence of
the mandate.
 Military Observers
TASKS
♣ Assist in establishment of confidence
between Forces .

♣ Monitor illegal flow of arms.

♣ Monitor that suitable security conditions
are in place for provision of humanitarian
assistance and safe return of refugees.
♣ Identify and report situations where civilians
May be under imminent threat of physical
violence.
♣ Monitor borders of the country and
movements of combattants from across the
border
♣ Report on the Human Rights situation

♣ Report presence of minefields

♣ Report strength of various factions in AOR

UNITED NATIONS MISSIONS AROUND THE WORLD

Cote-d’ivoire
 PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS

UNITED NATIONS MISSIONS AROUND THE WORLD

Cote-d’ivoire
QUESTIONS?