FROM

FIBRE
TO

FABRIC
CONTENT
 WHY DO WE WEAR
CLOTHES?
 TYPES OF FIBRE
- NATURAL FIBRE
- MAN MADE FIBRE
 TYPES OF CLOTHES
WHY DO WE WEAR
CLOTHES??

• Along with food and shelter, clothing is also

a basic need of our lives.
• Clothes protect us from external factors like
heat, cold, and rain.
• We usually wear clothes based on climates,
occasions, and also according to the present
fashion trends.
• All these clothes are prepared from the
Fibres.
• WHAT ARE FIBRES??
• Fibres are thin, long, flexible and hair
or thread-like structures.
• YARN TO FABRIC..
• Yarns are used in making of fabrics.
• Weaving and Knitting are two main
processes used for making yarn to
fabric.
• Knitting is the process wherein thread
or sometimes yarn is made into cloth
and other crafts. It consists of stitches
(or loops) of the material consecutively
run together.
• The process of arranging two sets of
yarns together to make a fabric is called
weaving.
• Weaving
• In the process of Weaving a continuous thread or threads (this set of thread
is called weft) back and forth across a set of lengthwise threads (this set of
thread is called warp) so that both set of threads are interlaced.
• Weaving of fabric is done on looms. The looms are either hand operated or
power operated.
• Hand operated loom is called Handloom. And power operated loom is
called Power loom.
• Knitting
• Knitting is also a process to make fabric using yarn. In knitting a single
yarn is used to make a fabric.
• Knitting is done by hand and also on machine.
• Socks, sweater etc. are example of knitted fabrics.
• Weaving and knitting are used for making different kinds of fabrics. These
fabrics are used for a variety of clothing items.
HOW
CLOTHES
ARE
MADE?
History
of
Clothing Material
• In ancient times people were not civilized and they used to live in
forest without any clothes, i.e. naked.

• With the lapse of time to protect from harsh climate people

started cover their body using bark and big leaves of trees or
animal skins and furs.

• Gradually, they learnt to twine grass and fibre of trees and

weaved it to make longer piece which they used to cover their
waist as modern skirts.

• They also learnt to twine the animal hairs to make robes like
outfits.
• A revolution came after the invention of stitching needle about
50,000 years ago. With the help of stitching needle people started
to stitch the clothes made of bark and fibre of trees and animals
which can fit in their body.

• After learning the agriculture people started to weave the plant

materials by hand to make cloths.

• People of China and Egypt started to make cloths from cotton.

• In ancient period when stitching was not known, people simply
draped the fabrics around different parts of their body.
THE
TIMELINE
• Many different ways of draping fabrics were used.
• Even today saree, dhoti, lungi or turban is used as an
un–stitched piece of fabric.
• Initially people started to wear cloths to protect their
body from harsh climate.
• Slowly clothes become the material of fashion along
with protection from harsh climates.
• Today doors and windows also are decorated with
beautiful curtains.
• Different types of bed-sheets, table cloths, etc. are used
to beautify homes.
• Clothes of different design are used to cover and
beautify our body.
• Fibre, fabrics and clothes production became one of
the biggest industries today.
TYPES OF
FIBRES
SOME PLANT FIBRES
• COTTON
• Cotton is cultivated in the field.
• Cultivation of cotton needs warm climate and black clayey soil.
• Cotton is cultivated almost in the every part of India.
• Cotton fibre is cultivated at large scale in the State of Maharashtra, Gujrat, Punjab,
Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.
• Cotton is shown in early spring. Its plants are about 1 to 2 meter in height.
• Cotton plant takes 60 days in flowering. Cotton flower turns into fruit.
• Fruits of cotton are spherical in shape. Cotton fruits have lemon type shape and size.
• Cotton fruits are called Cotton Bolls.
• After maturing, the Cotton Bolls burst open and seeds covered with Cotton Fibre become
visible.
• Cotton Fibre is called Cotton Wool also.
• A cotton file looks like a field covered with snow.
Processing of Cotton
• Cotton Bolls are picked up by hand from field.
• After picking up, seeds inside the Cotton Bolls are separated by
combing.
• The process of combing to separate out seeds from Cotton Bolls is
called Ginning of cotton.
• Ginning of cotton is traditionally done manually.
• These days, machine is used for Ginning.
• Machine which is used in combing of cotton is called Ginning
Machine.
• Ginned cotton is compressed in bales.
• The weight of one bale is up to 200kg. Cotton bales are then sent to
the desired places like in the spinning mills.
USE OF COTTON
• (a) In making fabrics
• (b) In hospitals sterilized cotton is used as
absorbent.
• (c) In bandage which is made up of cotton,
is used in hospitals for dressing.
• (d) As filler in mattress, pillow, quilt etc.
• (e) The cottonseed oil which is edible oil is
obtained from cotton seeds.
• JUTE
• Jute is cultivated to obtain jute fibre.
• Jute is called patsun, paat or patua in Hindi.
• Jute plant is cultivated mainly in Indian subcontinent
and in African countries.
• Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
• Jute fibre is cultivated during the rainy season.
• After cutting of jute plants it is left for some days in the
field when leaves are dried up these are immersed in
stagnant water.
• In stagnant water gummy matter that holds the fibres
with its stem is eaten away by bacteria.
• This process is called Retting.
• In few days jute stems rot completely.
• After retting, jute fibres are separated by hand.
• The fibrous part is dried and tied in bundles and sent to the
factories.
• Jute fibres are long, rough, coarse but not very strong.
Use of jute
(a) Jute fibre is used for making gunny sacks, mats, door mats, ropes etc.
(b) Some fine jute fibres are used to make fabric for clothes.
(c) As environment friendly nature of jute fibre, handbags made from it
became very popular these days.
Coir
Coir is a kind of plant fibre which is obtained from coconut.
Coir fibre is used in making ropes, door mat, mattress etc.
FLAX
• Like Jute, Flax fibre is obtained from the stem of the Flax plant.
• After cutting of flax plants these are left for Retting.
• In stagnant water gummy matter that holds the fibres is destroyed by
bacteria.
• Once stem of flax plants rots completely flax fibres are separated from it.
• Separation of fibre from its stem is called Scutching.
• Separated fibres then tied into bundles and sent to factories for further
process.
• Fibres of flax are soft, shiny and long.
USE OF FLAX FIBRES
• (a) Flax fibres are used in making linen and
laces.
• (b) It is used for making fishing lines and
nets.
• (c) Some fine papers like cigarette paper is
made from flax fibre.
• (d) The seeds are used to make linseed oil
which is used for mixing in paints and
varnishes. It is also used for making
linoleum.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SILKWORM (PRODUCTION OF SILK)
SOME SYNTHETIC FIBRES
1. Rayon
•This is a type of synthetic fibre obtained from wood pulp.
•Rayon fabric is soft, absorbent and comfortable.
•It is easy to dye in a wide range of colours.
•Rayon is mixed with cotton to make bedsheets.
•Rayon is mixed with wool to make carpets.
2. Nylon
•This type of synthetic fibre is obtained from coal, water and air.
•Nylon is very lustrous, easy to wash and elastic.
•It dries quickly and retains its shape.
•Nylon finds its application in seat belts of car, sleeping bags, socks, ropes, etc.
•Nylon is also used in ropes for rock climbing, making parachutes and fishing nets.
3. Polyester
• This type of synthetic fibre is obtained from coal, water, air and petroleum.
• Polyester is made from repeating units of a chemical known as esters.
• Polyester is easy to wash and it remains wrinkle-free and it is quite suitable in
making dress material.
• Polyester retains its shape and remains crisp.
• Polyester is used in making ropes, nets, raincoats, jackets, etc.
CLOTHES AND SEASONS
Types of summer fabric
List of summer fabrics
Cotton
Famously breathable, cotton is an excellent choice for
summer dresses.
Linen
Beyond being a good call for summer bedding, linen is
one of the best summer fabrics.
Chambray
This fabric is essentially a linen-finished with a slightly
mottled texture.
Seersucker
Technically a member of the cotton family, seersucker is a
thin, lightly puckered fabric that’s fantastically
lightweight.
Types of winter fabric
• Wool: Worsted (manufactured), Woolen,
• Manufactured wools: Flannel (cotton or wool)
Cashmere, Gabardine, Chenille, Felt, Plaids,
Tweed and Mohair
• Wool blends
• Corduroy
• Fleece (sheep and lambs wool)
• Polar Fleece (acrylic)
• Knits
• Fake Fur
• Fur
• Velvet, Velour and Velveteen
• Silk and silk blends
• Leather
• Suede
• Sheepskin
• Shearling.
Types of special clothes in rainy season
Can you guess the profession by their clothes??
People from different states of India in their traditional attire.

Can you guess

the states?
People from different
parts of the world in
their traditional attire.
1. Describe the two main processes of making fabric from yarn.
2. Which of the following is not a natural fibre?
(a) Cotton
(b) Jute
(c) Nylon
(d) Flax
3. How is spinning done on large scale?
4. Choose the correct option-
i. Cotton is obtained from ____________of plant. (seed/stem)
ii. Nylon is ____________fibre.(natural/synthetic)
iii. Jute is obtained from ____________. (plant/animal)
5. What are natural fibres? Give example.
HOTs

1. Why we spin the fibres in order to make yarn?

2. What are looms?
3. Which material is used for making gunny bags and why?
THANK YOU