Lab Report On

Experiment Number:- 05

Name of the Experiment:- Determination of Flakiness

Index of Aggregate.

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Md. Tanbir Khan
Lecturer
B.Sc in civil engineering
World university of Bangladesh
Name:-Sourae Mridha
Roll No:-5310
Batch:- 69(A)
B.Sc in civil engineering
World university of Bangladesh

Date of Submission:- 06/11/2020

 INDEX
SI.No. Contents Page No.
1 Introduction 3
2 Related Theory 3
3 Objectives 3
4 Apparatus 4–5
5 Sample Preparation 5
6 Procedure 5
7 Data Sheet 6
8 Calculation & Result 7
9 Discussion 8
10 Conclusion 9

2
INTRODUCTION:-
Flaky particles are comparatively thin as compared to their length.
Those particles whose least dimension is less than 0.6 of their mean
size is known as flaky particles. This test is carried on aggregate of
having particles larger than 6.3 mm. Let a particle of aggregate
passes through 20 mm sieve but retained on 10 mm sieve. The mean
size of this particle is (20+10)/2 = 15 mm. When mean size (15 mm)
is multiplied by 0.6, 9 mm size is obtained. Hence for this aggregate
if thickness of the particles is less than 9 mm it is said to be flaky.
The flakiness index of aggregate is the percentage by weight of
aggregate particles whose least dimension or thickness is less than
0.6 of their mean dimension. To treat the thickness of the particle,
standard thickness gauge are used.

RELATED THEORY :-
Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a
thickness (smallest dimension) of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve
size. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by
separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a
percentage of the mass of the sample tested. This test is not
applicable to aggregate passing 6.30mm sieve and retained as
63.0mm sieve.

OBJECTIVES:-
To obtain detail of aggregates. To determine the suitability of
aggregates. To determine the Flakiness of aggregates. To determine
the suitable aggregates for highway construction.

3
APPARATUS:-

The following apparatus is required:-

(1) A metal thickness gauge:-

A metal thickness gauge of the pattern shown in figure 4.1 or
special sieves having elongated apertures shown in figure 4.2.
The width of the apertures and the thickness of the sheet used in
the gauge or sieve shall be as specified in the following figures.

(2) A balance accurate to 0.5% of the mass of the test sample.

4
(3) Testing Sieve:-

SAMPLE PREPARATION:-
Sample preparation is given below:-

Aggregate passing through 63.0 mm BS test sieve and retained on

the 6.30 mm BS test sieve.

PROCEDURE:-

1. A sample of the aggregate to be tested is sieved through set of

sieves (63.0 mm, 50.0 mm, 37.5 mm, 28.0 mm, 20 mm, 14.0
mm, 10.0 mm, 6.3 mm ) and separated into specified size
ranges.
2. The particles retained on each sieve are then made to pass
through appropriate slot, (0.6 times the mean size) of standard
thickness gauge.
3. The material which passes through the appropriate slot of the
gauge is said to be flaky. The flaky material that has passed
through the appropriate slots of standard gauge, for each size
range of the test aggregate, are added up and weighted.

5
 Experiment No: 05
Determination of the Flakiness Index

Type of material : Stone Chips

Sieve Gauge Weight Weighted

size size used, Retained Flakiness
(mm) (mm) (gm) Index
(%)
63.0 - 0 x
50.0 33.9 0
37.5 26.3 0
28.0 19.7 106.7 175.6
20.0 14.4 563.8
14.0 10.2 645.3
10.0 7.2 142.2
6.3 4.9 94.4
= 1552.4 = 175.6

Name :- Sourae Mridha

Roll No:- 5310
Batch :- 69(A)

Signature of the Course Teacher

6
CALCULATIONS & RESULT:-

After conducting the experiment in the lab of the

transportation engineering premises of World University
of Bangladesh, we collect the data of the experiment
which will be given below:

1. Total Weight of the test sample, W = 1552.4 gm

2. Weight of flaky material from the whole test sample,
W1 = 175.6 gm

Flakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by

weight of flaky material present in a test sample.
Flakiness index of aggregate, to be used in road
construction should not exceed 25%. It is perfect if it is
kept below 15%. The flakiness index shall be reported to
the nearest whole number. Flakiness index is determined
as follows,

Flakiness Index = (W1 /W) x 100%

= (175.6/1552.4)*100 = 11.3%

So, flakiness index is 11% which is perfect for road

construction.

7
DISCUSSION:-
The Flakiness Index is the mass of particles in that aggregate
expressed as a percentage of the total mass of that aggregate
which will pass the slot or slots of specified width for the
appropriate size fraction. While elongation index test is used to
determine the quantity of aggregate particles that are elongated
instead of cubicle in shape.
In this experiment, flakiness index was used as independent
variables and other properties such as gradation are kept constant
as far as their properties met the specification required for the
asphalt mixture. According to British Standard Institution (BSI-
812. 19751cbssifies aggregate into six classes that are rounded.
Irregular , angular.. flaky and elongated and elongated.

The rounded, irregular and angular for special purpose are group
into the category an equidimensional or cubical. The aggregate
are flaky, elongated or equal dimension are determined by the
ratio of the shortest. the biggest and average diameter of the
panicles.
From the experiment, firstly we separate aggregate sample by
sieving into different size fraction, each falling within a narrow
size function is essentially a single size aggregate.
From the data experiment, we made the calculation and discussed
by the all group member. When this experiment is doing, we
make some experimental error such as when sieving process is
being take place. For example the aggregate may not trough sieve
by machine and some of aggregate we shake manually by hand.
the error do occur when weighing the amount of aggregate that
need. The careless attitudes that we gauge the particles by hand.
Maybe we pass the particles to the wrong gauge. It is because we
have separate too many panicles in the short time.

8
CONCLUSION:-

The value that we get from the test is 11.3% for flakiness
and not exceeds 20% the NCR requirement. Aggregate
particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness
(smallest dimension) of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve
size. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found
by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass
as a percentage of their mass of the sample tested.
As a conclusion, the sample that we tested are flaky.
Which is there are not suitable to use in parameter design.
This will cause the increase of void in tire mix. If we use
in highway construction, we must doing more compaction
to ensure that the void meet the prescribe specification.

9
 Lab Report On

Experiment Number:- 06

Name of the Experiment:- Determination of Elongation

Index of Aggregate.

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Md. Tanbir Khan
Lecturer
B.Sc in civil engineering
World university of Bangladesh
Name:-Sourae Mridha
Roll No:-5310
Batch:- 69(A)
B.Sc in civil engineering
World university of Bangladesh

Date of Submission:- 06/11/2020

 INDEX
SI.No. Contents Page No.
1 Introduction 12
2 Related Theory 12
3 Objectives 12
4 Apparatus 13 – 14
5 Sample preparation 14
6 Procedure 14
7 Data Sheet 15
8 Calculation & Result 16
9 Discussion 17
10 Conclusion 17

11
INTRODUCTION:-
Those particles whose greatest dimension is more than 1.8 of their
mean size is known as elongation particles. This test is carried on
aggregate of having particles larger than 6.3 mm. Let a particle of
aggregate passes through 20 mm sieve but retained on 10 mm sieve.
The mean size of this particle is (20+10)/2 = 15 mm. When mean
size (15 mm) is multiplied by 1.8, 27 00 mm size is obtained. Hence,
A particle which is longer than 27 mm, for this particular range of
size, is termed as elongated particle.

RELATED THEORY :-
The elongation index of aggregate is defined as the percentage by
mass of particles (stones) in it whose greatest dimension (thickness)
is greater than one and four-fifths of their average dimension. It is
measured on particles passing through IS sieve size of 63mm and
retained on IS sieve size of 6.3mm.

OBJECTIVES:-
This test is used to determine the particle shape of the aggregate and
each particle shape being preferred under specific conditions.

The significance of elongation index is as follows;

1. The degree of packing of the particles of one size depends upon

their shape.
2. Due to high surface area to volume ratio, the flaky and
elongated particles lower the workability of concrete mixes.
3. Elongated particles are considered undesirable for base coarse
construction as they may cause weakness with possibilities of
braking down under heavy loads.

12
APPARATUS:-

The following apparatus is required:-

(1) A metal Length Gauge :-

A metal Length Gauge (Elongation Index BS), is used for

determining the elongation index of aggregates.  The particle is
elongated when its length (longest dimension) is more than 1.8 o
the midsize of the sieve fraction. The aggregate to be classified
is separated into six sieve fractions from 6.3 to 50 mm and each
fraction is examined separately.

(2) A balance accurate to 0.5% of the mass of the test sample.

13
(3) Testing Sieve:-

SAMPLE PREPARATION:-
Sample preparation is given below:-

Aggregate passing through 63.0 mm BS test sieve and retained on

the 6.30 mm BS test sieve.

PROCEDURE:-

1. A sample of the aggregate to be tested is sieved through set of

sieves (50.0 mm, 37.5 mm, 28.0 mm, 20 mm, 14.0 mm, 10.0
mm, 6.3 mm ) and separated into specified size ranges.
2. The particles retained on each sieve are then made to pass
through appropriate slot, (1.8 times the mean size) of standard
length gauge.
3. The material which passes through the appropriate slot of the
gauge is said to be elongated. The elongated material that has
passed through the appropriate slots of standard length gauge,
for each size range of the test aggregate, are added up and
weighted.

14
 Experiment No: 06
Determination of the Elongation Index

Type of material : Stone Chips

Sieve Gauge Weight Weighted

size size used, Retained Elongation
(mm) (mm) (gm) Index
(%)
50.0 33.9 0
37.5 26.3 0
28.0 19.7 106.7 360.9
20.0 14.4 563.8
14.0 10.2 645.3
10.0 7.2 142.2
6.3 4.9 94.4
= 1552.4 = 360.9

Name :- Sourae Mridha

Roll No:- 5310
Batch :- 69(A)

Signature of the Course Teacher

15
CALCULATIONS & RESULT:-

After conducting the experiment in the lab of the

transportation engineering premises of World University
of Bangladesh, we collect the data of the experiment
which will be given below:

1. Total Weight of the test sample, W = 1552.4 gm

2. Weight of elongation material from the whole test
sample, W1 = 360.9 gm

Hence elongation index can be defined as the percentage

by weight of elongated material present in a test sample.
Value of elongation index should also not exceed 15% for
a good aggregate and normally must not exceed 25
percent. Elongation index is determined as follows,

Elongation Index = (W1 /W )x 100%

= (360.9/1552.4)*100
= 23%

So. Elongation index is 23% which is good for road

construction.

16
DISCUSSION:-

The shape tests give only a rough idea of the relative shapes of
aggregates. Elongated particles should be avoided in pavement
construction, particularly in surface course. If such particles were
present in appreciable proportions, the strength of pavement layer
would be adversely affected due to possibility of breaking under
loads. Workability is reduced for cement concrete.

From the data experiment, we made the calculation and discussed

by the all group member. When this experiment is doing, we
make some experimental error such as when sieving process is
being take place. For example the aggregate may not trough sieve
by machine and some of aggregate we shake manually by hand.
the error do occur when weighing the amount of aggregate that
need. The careless attitudes that we gauge the particles by hand.
Maybe we pass the particles to the wrong gauge. It is because we
have separate too many panicles in the short time.

CONCLUSION:-
From the experiment, we get the value for the elongation index is
23 % Aggregate particles are classified as elongation when they
have a length (greatest dimension) of more than 1.8 of their mean
sieve size. The elongation index is found by separating the
elongation particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of
the mass of sample tested.

As a conclusion, the sample that we tested are elongation. Which

is there are not suitable to use in parameter design. This will
cause the increase of void in tire mix. If we use in highway
construction, we must doing more compaction to ensure that the
void meet the prescribe specification.

17