RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM

OF LIQUIDS
HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED MOTION
PROBLEMS
1 . An open rectangular tank mounted on a truck is 5m long, 2m wide
and 2.5m high is filled with water to a depth of 2m.
a. what is the maximum horizontal acceleration that can be imposed
on the tank without spilling any water.
b. determine the accelerating force on the liquid mass?
c. If the acceleration is increased to 6m/s2, how much water is spillied
out?
2. A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 1.5m in diameter and 4m long is
completely filled with gasoline (sp. gr. = 0.82) and accelerated
horizontally at 3m/ss. Find the force acting at the rear wall and the front
wall of the tank. Find also the accelerating force on the fluid mass.
3. A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 15° with the
horizontal at 1.2m/s2. Determine the inclination of the oil surface when
the motion is:
a. upwards
b. downwards
ROTATING VESSELS
1. An open cylindrical vessel having a height equal to its diameter is
half-filled with water and revolved about its own vertical axis with a
constant angular speed of 120rpm. Find its minimum diameter so that
there will be no liquid spilled.
2. An open cylindrical vessel 1.2m in diameter and 2.1m in high is 2/3
full of water. Compute the amount of water in liters that will be spilled
out if the vessel is rotated about its vertical axis at a constant angular
speed of 90 rpm.
3. An open cylindrical tank, 2m in diameter and 4m in height contains
water to a depth of 3m. It is rotated about its own vertical axis with a
constant angular speed.
a. If the angular speed is 3 rad/s, is there any liquid spilled?
b. What maximum value of the angular speed (in rpm) can be imposed
without spilling any liquid?
c. If the angular speed is 8 rad/s, how much water is spilled out and to
what depth will the water stand when brought to rest?
d. What angular speed (in rpm) will just zero the depth of water at the
center of the tank.
e. If the angular speed is 100 rpm, how much area at the bottom of the
tank is uncovered?
4. A 1.9m diameter closed cylinder, 2.75m high is completely filled with
oil having sp. gr. of 0.8 under a pressure of 5kn/cm2 at the top.
a. what angular speed can be imposed on the cylinder so that the
maximum pressure at the bottom of the tank is 14 kg/cm2?
b. Compute the pressure force excerted by oil in the side of the tank in
kg.
5. A close cylindrical vessel, 2m in diameter and 4m high is filled with
water to a depth of 3m and rotated about its own vertical axis at a
constant angular speed. The air inside the vessel is under a pressure of
120KPa.
a. If the angular velocity is 12 rad/s, what is the pressure at the center
and circumference at the bottom of the tank.
b. What angular speed will just zero the depth of water at the center?
c. If the angular velocity is 20 rad/s, how much area at the bottom is
uncovered?
HYDRODYNAMICS
1. A hose and nozzle discharges a horizontal water jet against a nearby
vertical plate. The flow rate of water is 0.03m3/s, and the diameter of
the nozzle tip is 30mm. Find the horizontal force necesarry to hold the
plate in place.
2. Water flows from a large tank through an orifice of 75mm diameter
and against a block. The water jet strikes the block at the vena
contracta. The block weighs 220N, and the coefficient of friction
between the block and the floor is 0.55. The orifice’s coefficient of
discharge is 0.60, and its coefficient of contraction is 0.62. What is the
minimum height to which water must rise in the tank in order to start
the block moving to the right?
3. A small ingot and platform rest on a steady water jet. If the total
weight supported is 950N, what is the jet velocity in m/s?
4. A jet having a diameter of 50mm and a velocity of 12m/s is deflected
through an angle of 60 ° by a fix curved vane. Determine the horizontal
and vertical components of the force exerted by the jet on the vane.
Neglect friction
6. A jet having a diameter of 50mm and a velocity of 12m/s is deflected
through an angle of 180 ° by a fixed curved vane. Neglect friction,
determine the horizontal and vertical components of the force exerted
by the jet on the vane.
7. A nozzle dishcarges 50 L/s with a velocity of 15m/s. The nozzle is
inclined downwards such that as the jet strikes a fixed curved vane is
directed 30 ° down from the horizontal. The jet is deflected upwards 60 °
with the horizontal as it leaves the vane. Determine the X and Y
components of the force excerted by the jet on the vane.
8. The water jet in the figure, moving at 12m/s, is divided by the splitter
so that one-third of the water is diverted toward A. Calculate the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force on this single stationary
blade. Assume ideal flow in a horizontal plane.