OOP

(Object Oriented Programming)

What is OOP?
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming technique in
which programs are written on the basis of objects.
Examples:
• C++
• PHP
• Java
• Visual C#.Net
• Visual Basic.Net
What is a Class
• A class is a group of objects with same attributes and behavior.
• A class is just like a map or model that describes attributes and
behavior of related objects.
• A class is the logical representation of an object(s).
⮚ The characteristics of a class are
• A name
• Attributes
• Behaviour
What is an Object
• An object represents an entity in the real world such as a person ,
thing or concept etc.
• An object is the physical implementation of a class.
• An object is identified by its name. All object have these
characteristics :
• Identity
• State
• Behaviour
Benefits of OOP?
• Re-usability
• Data Redundancy
• Code Maintenance
• Security
• Design Benefits
• Better productivity
• Easy troubleshooting
• Polymorphism Flexibility
• Problem Solving
Characteristics of OOP?

Encapsulation

Basics
Abstraction Inheritance
of OOP

Polymorphism
Inheritance
• A programming technique that is used to reuse an existing class to
build a new class is known as inheritance.
Categories of Inheritance
1) Single Inheritance:
In Single Inheritance, the child class inherits all data
members and member functions of one base class.

2) Multiple Inheritance:
In Multiple Inheritance, the child class inherits all
data members and member functions of more than
one base classes.
Major Types of Inheritance
• Public Inheritance:
• In public inheritance, the access status of parent class
members in the derived class remains the same.
• The public members of parent class become public
members of derived class.
• The private members of parent class become private
members of derived class.
• The protected members of parent class become protected
members of derived class.
Major Types of Inheritance
2) Protected Inheritance:
• In protected inheritance, the access status of parent class members
in derived class is restricted.
• The public members of parent class become protected members of
derived class.
• The protected members of parent class become protected members
of derived class.
• The private members of parent class become private members of
derived class.
Major Types of Inheritance
3) Private Inheritance:
In private inheritance, the access status of parent class members in the
derived class is restricted.
• The private members of parent class become the private members of
derived class.
• The public members of parent class become the private members of
derived class.
• The protected members of parent class become the private members
of derived class.
Data Abstraction
• Data abstraction or information hiding refers to providing only
essential information to the outside world and hiding their
background details.
Data Encapsulation
• Data Encapsulation is an Object Oriented Programming concept that
binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data and
that keep both safe from outside interference and misuse.
Polymorphism
• The word polymorphism is a combination of two
words poly and morphism. Poly means many and
morphism means form.
• In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the
ability of objects of different types to respond to
functions of the same name. The user does not have
to know the exact type of the object in advance. The
behavior of the object can be implemented at run
time.
 Types of Polymorphism
⮚ Virtual functions/method overriding Polymorphism
⮚ Operator overloading.
⮚ Function overloading
Compile Time Run Time

Function overloading Operator overloading Virtual function/

method overriding