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Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides
1.Nephrotoxicity (impairment
of kidney function) 2.Ototoxicity (impairment of
the organs of hearing and balance) are the
most common side effects of aminoglycosides.
Mechanism Of Action
• Aminoglycosides are selectively active against
oxygen-dependent (aerobic), gram-negative
bacterial cells, since these cells possess the
chemical characteristics that attract aminoglycosides
and the specific transport mechanisms
that facilitate the uptake of the drugs into the cells.
Once inside bacterial cells, aminoglycosides exert
their effects by binding to ribosomes, organelles that
are fundamental to protein synthesis. As a
result, protein synthesis is inhibited, and the
bacterial cell dies.
• The aminoglycosides also have a post-antibiotic
effect, in which bacterial cell killing continues for a
brief period of time after the blood plasma
concentration of the antibiotic has fallen below
the so-called minimal inhibitory concentration (the
smallest amount of drug necessary to induce cell-
killing effects).
Examples of aminoglycosides
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Gentak eyedrops
Kanamycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin
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