By the end of today’s lesson (Part 2):

Describe the cardiac Interpret ECG traces with

cycle and how it is reference to normal and
coordinated. abnormal heart activity.

Explain the Explain the

differences in the differences in the
circulatory systems circulatory
of mammals and systems of fish
fish. and insects. A
Explain how
Describe the some structures
are suited to
external and
internal their function. B
structure of
the mammalian
heart. C
What is exchange? Why do we need to do it?

Oxygen in
Carbon dioxide out
Glucose in
Water in
Other nutrients in
Other waste materials out
Why do multicellular organisms need
specialised gas exchange surfaces?

 Surface area to volume ratio is lower.

 Required/essential substances need effective pathways of
entry into all cells.
 Transport of substances to all cells must be rapid enough
for their needs.
The Mammalian Gaseous Exchange System.

Mind map everything you can remember

from GCSE about the lungs.
fo r
ions
t at
p
he ada
ut t
ab o
k
Thin ange.
h
exc
Did you get these?
 Large surface area – Millions of tiny alveoli.
 Thin(for a short diffusion distance) – The alveoli
and the capillaries are only one cell thick.
 Steep diffusion gradient – The air inside the lungs is
replaced with fresh air during each breath and the
blood is moved away from the alveoli.
 Protectionfrom drying out – These surfaces pose
the problem of water loss. The cells have to be
protected from losing too much water.
 The cells in the alveoli secrete a watery substance.
Cell/Tissue Where it is found Function
 By the end of today’s lesson (Part 1):

Analyse and interpret data

from a spirometer.

Describe how a
spirometer works.

Explain the meanings

of the terms tidal
volume and vital A
capacity.

Outline the mechanism

of breathing in mammals
with reference to the B
main structures.

C
By the end of today’s lesson (Part 2):

Describe the cardiac Interpret ECG traces with

cycle and how it is reference to normal and
coordinated. abnormal heart activity.

Explain the Explain the

differences in the differences in the
circulatory systems circulatory
of mammals and systems of fish
fish. and insects. A
Explain how
Describe the some structures
are suited to
external and
internal their function. B
structure of
the mammalian
heart. C
Describe in your own words:
 Open circulatory system.
 Closed circulatory system.
 Double circulatory system.
 Single Circulatory system.
Put these in the correct order of
sequence.
The ventricle walls The atrial
The wave reaches the contract from the walls contract.
bottom of the septum. bottom up.

The wave of electricity spreads

out over the walls of the atria.
The contraction sets up a
The muscle cells in
wave of electrical
the SAN contract.
activity. The excitation wave
reaches the AVN.

The excitation wave

is conducted down The wave spreads outwards
the Purkyne tissue. and upwards across the
ventricle walls.