The Biomedical Waste

Rules,1998

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Priya Ranjan Kumar (17106056) Dr N K Srivastava
Snehal Saran (17106077) Chemical Department
Sudhakar Mishra (17106079)
Sushmita Kumari (17106082)
Introduction
The Biomedical waste means any waste, which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biological and including
categories mentioned in schedule I of the Rules.
Sources of Health Care Waste
Government/private hospitals
Nursing homes
Physician/dentist office or clinic
Dispensaries
Primary health care centers
Medical research and training centers
Animal/ slaughter houses
Labs/ research organizations
Vaccinating centers
Bio tech institutions/ production units
Terminologies
Hospital waste : refers to all waste, biological or non
biological, that is discarded and is not intended for further
use.
Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of
patient diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings
or animals.
Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that could
transmit an ‘infectious disease’.
Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/ autopsy
or other medical procedures including human tissues, organs,
body parts, body fluids and specimens along their containers.
Bio-Medical Waste Rules 1998
According to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical
waste” means any waste which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals
or in research activities pertaining there to or in the production or
testing of bio medicals.
Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged
directly, or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the
atmosphere or to a receiving water source, or used for landfill is
waste. (Wilson, 1981)
Duty of the Occupier
 It is the duty of every occupier i.e. head of an institution generating
biomedical waste, to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled
without any adverse effect to human health and the environment.
 Provides training to HCW engaged in handling BMW.

Duties
 The operators now have to ensure that the BMW is collected from all
the HCEs and is transported, handled, stored, treated and disposed in
an environmentally sound manner. The operators also have to inform
the prescribed authority in form VI if any HCEs are not handing the
segregated BMW as per the guidelines prescribed in the rules.
Cont.
Occupier / institution generating, collecting, receiving,
storing, transporting, treating, disposing and/or handling
Bio-medical waste To apply for Grant of Authorization in
form –I to MPPCB which is the Prescribed Authority.
Bio-medical Waste shall be treated and disposed of in
accordance with the Schedule -I and in compliance with the
standards prescribed in Schedule –V.
Every Occupier, shall set- up the requisite Bio-medical Waste
Treatment Facilities like incinerator, Autoclave, Microwave
system for treatment of waste, or, ensure requisite treatment
of waste at common or any other waste treatment facility.
Cont.
l records subject to the inspection & verification by the
MPPCB.
Accident during handling & Transportation of BMW
needs to be reported by the authorized person in
Form-III to MPPCB forthwith.
 Operator of the Bio - medical Waste Treatment
facility to apply for Grant of Authorization in
form –I to MPPCB (The Prescribed Authority).
Types of Waste
Liquid Wastes
Approx. Quantity : 4 to 250 liters / bed / day
 Sewage from isolation wards, ICU’s toilets & urinals,
Bed-bath, bathroom and hospital’s laundry.
Wash waters from laboratories, OPD, Dressing rooms
& Operation theaters.
Cont.
Solid Wastes
Approximate Quantity : 0.3 to 3.5 kg/bed/day
 Garbage - 55%
 Bio – Medical Waste - 13%
 Wasted body remains - 05%
(Blood, Cultures, Anatomical)
 Pharmaceutical and Chemical Wastes - 02%
 Pathological Wastes - 06%
 Sharp Objects - 20%
 Pressurized Containers & Discarded Instruments - 02%
 Radio actives Wastes - 0.3%
Schedule I – Categories of Bio-Medical Waste
Waste Category Waste Type Treatment &
Disposal

Category 1 Human Anatomical waste Incineration/deep

(human tissues, organs, burial.
body parts).

Category 2 Animal Waste: Animal tissues, Incineration/deep

organs, body parts burial.
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid,
blood and
experimental animals used in
research, waste
generated by veterinary hospitals,
colleges, discharge
from hospitals, animal houses.
Cont.
Waste Category Waste Type Treatment & Disposal

Category 3 Microbiology & Disinfection at source by

Biotechnology Wastes: chemical treatment or by
Wastes from clinical Autoclaving /
samples, pathology, Microwaving /
biochemistry, blood followed by Mutilation.
bank, laboratory cultures.

Category 4 Waste Sharps (needles, Disinfection (chemical

glass syringes or syringes treatment /
with fixed needles, destruction by needle &
scalpels ,blades, glass tip cutter.
etc.)
Cont.
Waste Category Waste Type Treatment & Disposal

Category 5 Discarded Medicines & Disposal in secured

Cytotoxic drugs (Wastes landfills or
comprising of outdated, Incineration
contaminated and
discarded
medicines).

Category 6 Soiled Waste (Items Incineration

contaminated with blood,
& body
fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster
casts,
linens, beddings, other
material contaminated
with
blood)
Cont.
Waste Category Waste Type Treatment & Disposal

Category 7 Infectious Solid Waste Disinfection by chemical

(waste generated from Treatment / autoclaving
disposable items other /Microwaving followed by
than the waste sharps mutilation / shredding &
such as final disposal through
tubing's, hand gloves, registered recycler
saline bottles with IV
tubes,
catheters, glass,
intravenous sets etc.

Category 8 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and

(Chemicals used in discharge into drains for
production of liquids and secured
biological, chemicals landfill for solids
used in disinfection as
insecticides etc.)
Cont.
Waste Category Waste Type Treatment & Disposal

Category 9 Incineration Ash (ash Disposal in municipal

from incineration of any landfill
bio-medical waste)

Category 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment &

(chemicals used in discharge
production of into drain for liquid &
biological, chemicals, secured
used in disinfect ion, as landfill for solids
insecticides, etc.)
 Schedule – II
Color Coding and Type of Containers

Color Coding Type of Container Waste Category Treatment/

Disposal
Yellow Non Chlorinated 1, 2, 5, 6 Incineration/ Deep
Plastic Bag Burial
Red Non chlorinated 3, 4, 7 Chemical
plastic bag. Treatment
Blue Non Chlorinated 8 Chemical
Plastic Bags/ Treatment
Containers and discharge into
drains for
liquids and secured
landfill for
solids
Black Non Chlorinated Municipal Waste Disposed as per the
Plastic Bags Municipal Solid
Waste
Segregation and Packing
Bio-medical waste shall not
be mixed with other wastes.
Bio-medical waste shall be
segregated into
containers/bags at the
point of generation in
accordance with Schedule
II.
 The containers shall be
labeled according to
Schedule III.
Management of Hospital Waste
Black Dustbin & Bags
Paper waste, food waste and other non infectious wastes
generated from the hospitals should be stored in black
colored bags / containers & Disposed as per MSW
management rules, 2000.
Personnel Safety Devices
The use of protective gears should be made mandatory for all the personnel
handling waste.
Storage
In an area away from general traffic and accessible only
to authorized personnel.
DO NOT store for more than 48 hours.
 If for any reason it becomes necessary to store the
waste beyond such period take measures to ensure
that the waste does not adversely affect human health
and environment.
Transport
Transport by wheeled
trolleys/containers /
carts only in vehicles
authorized for the purpose
They should be
 Easy to load and unload
 No sharp edges
 Easy to clean
 Trolleys ,Wheelbarrows:
covered.
 Disinfect daily
Annual Report
Every occupier/operator submit an annual report to the
prescribed authority in Form II by 31 January every year, to
include information about the categories and quantities of
bio-medical wastes handled during the preceding year. The
prescribed authority shall send this information in a
compiled form to the Central Pollution Control Board by 31
March every year.
Maintenance of Records and Accident
Reporting
Every authorized person shall maintain records
related to BMW
 All records shall be subjected to inspection and
verification by the prescribed authority at any time
In any accidents, the authorized person shall report
the accident in Form III along with the remedial action
taken to the prescribed authority.
Do’s and Don'ts
Do’s Don’ts
 The used product should be Reuse plastic equipment
segregated
 Mix plastic equipment with
 The used product should be
mutilated other wastes
 The used product is treated prior to  Burn plastic waste
disposal  Avoid needle stick injuries
 Use protective gear when handling
waste
 Avoid using common lift to
 Collect waste when the bin is 3/4 the move waste
full  Avoid spillage
 Clean spills with disinfectant
 Use trolleys & do not drag waste bags
BMW Management Committee
Head of the hospital : chairman
Waste Mix officer (dev. and implementation plan) Members
HOD’s of all department
Nursing superintendent
Head nurse
Sanitary inspector
Chief pharmacist
Radiation officer
Supply officer
Financial officer
Bio-Medical Waste Management - Issues
Not considered important
Lack of interest from senior management
No ownership of the process
Awareness of problems
Appreciate the need for constant monitoring
Segregation of waste not taken seriously at user level
Non compliance with color coding
Monitoring segregation at source – low budgets allocated – costs are
not always known/nor worked out properly
Cost of color coding, staff, transport and disposal is a major
deterrent
Quantification of waste generated is not accurately done
Addressing the Issues
Need to build-up of a comprehensive system, address responsibilities, resource
allocation, handling and disposal
This is a long-term process, sustained by gradual improvements.
Specific personnel need to be assigned to monitor the biomedical waste
management in the hospital.
Man power needs and other resources for the BMWM of hospital to be
addressed.
Quality assessment of bio-medical waste management should be done from
time to time.
 Segregated collection and transportation – need for No ambiguous color
coding and labeling of wastes.
Containers should be robust and leak proof
Tracking of Bio Medical Waste up to point of Disposal.
Proper treatment and final disposal.
Conclusion
Bio-medical waste programmed cannot be successfully
implemented without the willingness, self-motivation, and co-
operation from all sections of employees of any health care
setting.
If we want to protect our environment and health of community
we must sensitize our selves to this important issue not only in the
interest of health managers but also in the interest of community.
Individual participation is required.
Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal
of waste economically.
Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and then
preach others about it.
THANK YOU