5.

2 Sludge Treatment
& Disposal

5.3 Wastewater
disposal and reuse
 Sludge is produced from the
treatment of wastewater in on-
site (e.g. septic tank) and off-site
(e.g. activated sludge) systems.
 This is inherently so because a
primary aim of wastewater
treatment is removing solids
from the wastewater.
 In addition, soluble organic
substances are converted to Definition of Sludge
bacterial cells, and the latter is
removed from the wastewater.
 Sludge is also produced from
the treatment of stormwater
,although it is likely to be less
organic in nature compared to
wastewater sludge.

 Sludge Treatment

 Sewage sludge treatment
describes the processes
used to manage and
dispose of sewage sludge
produced during sewage
treatment.
 Sludge Treatment

Primary sludge includes


settleable solids removed
during primary treatment
in primary clarifiers.

Settleable solids are that

portion of the suspended
solids which are of
sufficient size and weight
to settle in a given period
of time, usually one hour.
 Sludge Treatment


 Secondary sludge
separated in secondary
clarifiers includes
treated sewage sludge
from secondary
treatment bioreactors.
 Thickening
Treatment
 Dewatering
Processes
 Sidestream treatment
technologies
 Phosphorus recovery
 Digestion
 Composting
 Drying beds
 Emerging Technologies
 Sludge Disposal

Disposal in Water
 At some seacoast cities,
sludge either raw or
digested is pumped to
barges and carried to sea
to be dumped in deep
water far enough off shore
to provide huge dilution
factors and prevent any ill
effects along shore.
Disposal on Land
 Under land disposal the
following methods may
be included:
 Burial
 Fill
 Application as fertilizer
or soil conditioner
 Sludge Disposal

Composting
5.3 Wastewater disposal

 Wastewater Reuse

Treated wastewater
 drinking water
 in industry (cooling
towers)
 in artificial recharge of
aquifers,
 in agriculture
 in the rehabilitation of
natural ecosystems
 5.4 Water-related
legislation

GENERAL
 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water
 Environmental Quality Act 1974
 Effluents Discharge Standards
 5.4 Water-related
legislation

SPECIFIC AREA
 Selangor Waters Management Authority Enactment
(1999)
 Kedah Water Resources Enactment (2007)
 Sabah Conservation of the Environment Enactment
 Sabah Water resources Enactment, 1998
 National Resources and Environment Ordinance
Sarawak
 1. Agriculture - Irrigation Areas Act, 1953
Drainage Works Acts, 1954
 2. Forestry -National Forestry Act (1984)
 3. Control of River -Water Acts 1920, Reviewed
1989
River Rights Enactment of Perak
Kelantan River Traffic Enactment, 1955
Pahang River Launches Enactment 6/49
 4. Land Management
National Land Code, 1965
Land Conservation Act, 1960
Earthwork by laws
 5. Domestic Water Supply- SPECIFIC SECTOR
Water Services Industry Act
 6. Mining- Mining Enactment 1936
 7. Local and Regional Planning-
Town and Country Planning Act 1976
 8. Fishery - Fisheries Act 1963
 9. Others
Local Government Act (1976)
Street Drainage Building By Law (1974, 1994-
R)
Geological Survey Act
Ministerial Function Act, 1969
 In Malaysia, environmental acts and regulations were established in 1970's.
"Environmental Quality Act 1974" is an act related to the prevention, abatement,
control of pollution and enhancement of the environment. The Act ordains that
the Minister after consultation with the Environmental Quality Council may
elaborate regulations for prescribing ambient water quality standards and
discharge standards and specifying the maximum permissible loads that may
be discharged by any source into inland waters, with reference either generally
or specifically to the body of waters concerned.

SOURCE : http://www.wepa-
db.net/policies/measures/currentsystem/malaysia.htm
The end….
