KINEMATIC

QUANTITIES
MECHANICS – the study of motion
two general parts:
1. Kinematics – mathematical description of
motion
eg.: position, speed, acceleration
2. Dynamics – study of the causes of motion
e.g: when an object falls, you can say that gravity is
the cause of its falling motion
POSITION – FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF
DESCRIBING MOTION
Distance – the length of the total path the
object has move
- scalar quantity, SI unit- meter
Displacement –the shortest length between the
initial position and the final position of the
object
- vector quantity, SI unit - meter
 SPEED VELOCITY
It is the measure of how fast or
  
It is a quantity that contains
 

slow a body moves. both the speed and direction of
motion.
V=
v = speed V=
V = velocity
d= distance
d=displacement
t= time
t= time
SAMPLE PROBLEM
In the 1980’s, one of the Asia’s fastest
running women was a Filipino athlete
named Lydia de Vega. In the 100-meter
dash event in 1986 in Seoul, South
Korea, she was clocked 11.53 s. Find
her average speed.
 ACCELERATION
It is the measure of how fast or slow velocity changes.
 

= acceleration
 = velocity
 = time
SI UNIT – m/
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
A cheetah can accelerate from rest to a speed
 

of 30.0 m/s in 7.00 s. What is its

acceleration?
A commuter backs her car out her garage
with an acceleration of 1.40 m/. How long
does it take her to reach a speed of 2.00 m/s?
 COMMON VIOLATIONS
 overtaking
 Loading in unloading zone or in prohibited areas
 Jaywalking
 Beating the red light
 Speeding
 Tailgating
 Illegal lane change
 Reckless driving
 Ignoring railroad signs
 Not yielding at pedestrian crossings
 Violating the don’t walk signal
Do Practice Exercise 3.2 on page 61
of your book.
 Let t be the time until they meet.
 Since d= vt, Lean walks (3.0 m/s)t and Mickey walks (5.0 m/s)t. The sum of the
distances they travelled is 150 m.
a. (3.0 m/s)t + (5.0 m/s)t = 150 m
(8.0 m/s)t = 150 m
t = 150 m/8.0 m/s
t = 18.75 s

b. dLean =vLeant dMickey = vMickeyt

= 3.0 m/s (18.75 s) = (5.0 m/s) (18.75 s)
= 56.25 m = 93.75 m
 GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF
MOTION
The motion of a body can easily be described using
graphs. One example of this is the graph of position
versus time graph. If you set the initial position of the
object to zero, you have a distance traveled vs. time (d
vs. t) graph.
Imagine a jeepney moving at a constant velocity of 30
m/s to the right. Its position increases by 30 m/s. Thus the
position of the jeepney increases linearly in time.