Discovering

Computers 2009

Chapter 9
Communications
and Networks
Chapter 9 Objectives
Discuss
Discussthe
thecomponents
componentsrequired
requiredfor
for
successful
successfulcommunications
communications Explain
Explainthe
thepurpose
purposeof
of
communications
communicationssoftware
software
Identify
Identifyvarious
varioussending
sending
and receiving devices
and receiving devices Describe
Describevarious
varioustypes
typesof
oflines
linesfor
for
communications
communicationsover
overthe
thetelephone
telephonenetwork
network
Describe
Describeuses
usesof
ofcomputer
computercommunications
communications
Describe
Describecommonly
commonlyused
used
communications
communicationsdevices
devices
List
Listadvantages
advantagesof
ofusing
usingaanetwork
network
Discuss
Discussdifferent
differentways
waysto
toset
setup
up
aahome
homenetwork
network
Differentiate
Differentiateamong
amongclient/server,
client/server,
peer-to-peer,
peer-to-peer,and
andP2P
P2Pnetworks
networks Identify
Identifyvarious
variousphysical
physicaland
andwireless
wireless
transmission
transmissionmedia
media
Describe
Describethe
thevarious
variousnetwork
network
communications
communicationsstandards
standards
Communications
Communications
communications
What are computer___________________?
 Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data,
instructions, and information
 Communications
What is needed for successful communications?

Sending device Communications channel

__________________— Communications __________________
initiates instruction to device — connects
transmit data, the sending device to media
instructions, or the communications on which data,
information channel instructions, or
information travel

Communications Receiving device

_________________
device — connects
accepts transmission of
the communications
data, instructions, or
channel to the
information
receiving device

p. 460 - 461
Uses of Computer Communications
 Uses of Computer Communications
What are some uses of communications technology?

p. 462
 Uses of Computer Communications
What are wireless messaging services?

Text messaging Wireless instant

allows users to send messaging allows
and receive short wireless mobile
text messages on a devices to exchange
phone or other Picture/video messages
mobile device messaging allows
users to send
graphics, pictures,
video clips, sound
files, and short text
messages
p. 463 - 464
 Uses of Computer Communications
wireless Internet access points
What are _______________________________
 allows wireless
connection to Internet
in public location
 3G and 4G
networks

Cybercafé
 _______________is a
coffee house that
provides computers
with Internet access

p. 464-465 Fig. 9-4

 Uses of Computer Communications
global positioning system (GPS)
What is a _____________________________?

A navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based

receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in
order to determine the receiver’s geographic location.

p. 466 Fig. 9-6

 Uses of Computer Communications

Collaboration
 ____________________is working with other users connected
to a server
 Web conference

Groupware
 _______________is software that allows people work together
and share information

p. 467 Fig. 9-7

 Uses of Computer Communications

 ___________________is
Voice mail voice message converted
to digital form
Web services
 _____________________describe standardized
software that enables programmers to create
applications that communicate with other remote
computers over the Internet or on an internal
business network

p. 468 Fig. 9-8

 Networks

p. 469 Fig. 9-9

 Networks
What is a network?
 Collection of
computers and
devices connected
via communications
devices and
transmission
media

p. 469 Fig. 9-9

Networks

Network classifications
LAN
 ____________is a network in limited geographical area
such as home or office building
 LAN (WLAN)
Wireless ____________
 _____________________________ LA
Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects _____s
in city or town N

Wide area network (WAN)

 _____________________________
is a network that
covers large geographic area using many types of media

 ____________is
Internet WAN
world’s largest_________
 Network
Network Architectures
Client/Server
 _____________: One or more computers act as host
computer and other computers access the host
computer

peer-to-peer
 _______________: Simple network that connects fewer
than 10 computers. Each computer has equal
capabilities

Internet peer-to-peer (P2P)

 _________________________: Enables users to
connect to each other’s hard disks and exchange files
directly. Sometimes called a file sharing network.

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

 Network
Network Topology: the layout of the computers in a
network.
Bus network
1. _____________: All computers and devices connect to
central cable or bus

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

 Network
Network Topology

Ring network Cable

2. _____________:
forms closed loop (ring),
with all computers and
devices arranged along ring.

Data travels from device to

device around entire ring, in
one direction

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

 Network
Network Topology

Star network
3. _____________: All
devices connect to a central
device (hub or switch)

All data transferred from

one computer to another
passes through hub or
switch.

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

 Networks
intranet
What is an___________?

Internal network that uses Internet technologies

Makes information accessible to employees

Typically includes connection to Internet

Extranet
_________ allows customers or suppliers to access
part of company’s intranet
__________

p. 475
 Network Communications Standards

p. 476
 Network Communications Standards

___________
Ethernet technology allows computers to contend
for access to network.
No controlling computers or devices.
 If two computers send data at same time,
a collision occurs and computers must send again
 Bus topology, but sometimes star topology

Token ring
_______________ technology controls access to network
by requiring devices to pass a special signal,
called token

p. 476
 Network Communications Standards

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

_____________________________________________
technology transmits data by breaking it up into
small pieces, or packets.
• Commonly used for Internet transmissions

802.11 (Wi-Fi) is a family of standards for

_______________
wireless LANs

p. 476
 Network Communications Standards

___________
Bluetooth Short-range radio waves transmit
data between Bluetooth devices
• Contains a small chip to communicate with each other.

WAB is a specification allows data to be

_______
transferred wirelessly via short-range radio waves.

IrDA specification allows data to be transferred

_______
wirelessly via infrared light waves.

p. 476
 Network Communications Standards

___________
RFID uses radio signals to communicate
with a tag placed in an object
• Radio Frequency Identification.

WiMAX is a standard that specifies how wireless

_______
devices communicate over the air in a wide area.
• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WAP allow wireless mobile devices

_______
to access Internet.
• Wireless Application Protocol
• Use client/server network.

p. 476
Communications Software
 Communications Software
What is communications software?
 Programs that help users establish connection to Internet,
other network, or another computer

 Programs that help users manage transmission of data,

instructions, and information

 Programs that provide an interface for users to

communicate with one another

p. 480
 Communications Over the Telephone Network

p. 481 Fig. 9-23

 Communications Over the Telephone Network

public switched telephone network (PSTN)

 _______________________________________________:
Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented
telephone calls.

The entire telephone network uses digital technology.

But, the final link from the local telephone company to a

home often uses analog.

p. 481 Fig. 9-23

 Communications Over the Telephone Network

Various lines that use the telephone network for data communications

dial-up line
1. _______________ Temporary connection using
telephone line for communications
 Costs no more than making regular call
 Computers at any two locations can establish a
connection using modems and telephone network

Dedicated line
2. _______________ Always-on connection between
two communications devices
 There are five types of lines.

p. 481
 Communications Over the Telephone Network

Dedicated lines
 _______________
ISDN lines Integrated Services Digital
Network.
Require both ends of the connection have ________
ISDN
modem.
 __________Digital
DSL Subscriber Line
For the small business or home user
 __________Fiber
FTTP to the Premises
Use fiber-optic cable to provide extremely high-
speed Internet access

p. 481
 Communications Over the Telephone Network

Dedicated lines
 _______________
T-Carrier lines Long-distance digital telephone
lines that carry multiple signals over a single
communications line.
T1 line is most popular.

 __________
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Very high speed.
Large amounts of traffic use this.

p. 481
 Communications Devices

p. 484
 Communications Devices
Dial-up modem
_________________
 Converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa
 Usually in the form of an adapter card

p. 485
 Communications Devices
ISDN and DSL modems ?
What are____________________

Communications
Communications devices
devices that
that send
send and
and
receive
receive digital
digital ISDN
ISDN and
and DSL
DSLsignals
signals

Usually
Usually external
external devices
devices in
in which
which one
one
end
end connects
connects to
to aa telephone
telephone line
line and
and the
the other
other
end
end connects
connects toto aa port
port on
on the
the system
system unit
unit

p. 485
 Communications Devices
What is a_____________?
cable modem
 Sends and receives
data over cable
television network
 Much faster than
dial-up modem or
ISDN
 Sometimes called a
broadband modem

p. 484 - 486 Fig. 9-28

Communications Devices
wireless modem
What is a________________?
 Allows access to the
Web wirelessly from
a notebook
computer, a smart
phone, or other
mobile device
 Typically use the
same waves used by
cellular telephones
 Communications Devices
network card
What is a______________?
 Adapter card, PC
Card, ExpressCard
module, USB
network adapter, or
flash card that
enables computer or
device to access
network
 Sometimes called
network interface
card (NIC)
p. 486 - 487 Fig. 9-30
 Communications Devices
What is a_____________________?
wireless access point
 Central
communications
device that allows
computers and
devices to transfer
data wirelessly among
themselves or
wirelessly to a wired
network

p. 487 Fig. 9-31

Communications Devices
What is a____________?
router
 Connects computers and
transmits data to correct
destination on network
 Routers forward data on
Internet using fastest available
path
 Some routers have a built-in
hardware firewall
Communications Devices
What is a_______________?
hub or switch
 Device that provides central
point for cables in network
Home Networks

What is a home network?

 Multiple computers
connected in home
 Several types of home
networks
 Ethernet — connect
computers via cable
 Powerline cable —
use electrical lines in house
 Phoneline — use
telephone lines
Communications Channel
Communications Channel
What is a communications channel?
 Transmission media on which data travels in
communications system

Transmission media
are materials or
substances capable of
carrying one or more Bandwidth is amount of
signals data that can travel
over a communications
channel
 Physical Transmission Media
What is physical transmission media?
 Wire, cable, and other tangible materials used
to send communications signals

p. 492 Fig. 9-36

 Physical Transmission Media
 Twisted-pair
______________cable consists of one or more twisted-pair wires
bundled together. It is used for telephone systems and network cabling

 Coaxial
_________cable consists of a single copper wire. It is often used for
cable television wiring

p. 493 Fig. 9-37—9-38

Physical Transmission Media
fiber-optic
What is __________cable?
 Consists of dozens or
hundreds of thin
strands of glass or
plastic
 Capable of carrying
significantly more
data at faster speeds
than wire cables
 Less susceptible
to interference
(noise) and, therefore,
more secure
 Wireless Transmission Media
What is wireless transmission media?
 Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to
install cables
 Includes Bluetooth and IrDA

p. 494 Fig. 9-40

Wireless Transmission Media
 ________________
Broadcast radio
distributes radio
signals over long
and short distances

Cellular radio
 ________________
is form of
________________
broadcast radio
used for mobile
communications
Wireless Transmission Media
microwave
What is a __________station?
 Earth-based
reflective
dish used for
microwave
communications
 Must transmit in
straight line with
no obstructions
Wireless Transmission Media
communications satellite
What is a_______________________?
 Space station
that receives microwave
signals from earth-based
station, amplifies signals,
and broadcasts signals
back to any number of
earth-based stations
Summary of Communications and Networks

Communications
Communicationsterminology
terminology
and
andapplications
applications
Various
Variouscommunications
communications
devices,
devices,media,
media,and
andprocedures
procedures
How
Howto
tojoin
joincomputers
computersinto
intoaanetwork
network

Chapter 9 Complete