M3 SCIENCE

S1Q2: Week 2 Lesson 1

Pressure and Moments
Global Context: Key Concept: Related Concept:
Orientation in Space Change Forms
and Time Transform

Statement of Enquiry:
Understanding the various forms and relationships between electrical
energy and gravitational forces allows us to transform the energies
efficiently.
 WEEK 4 LESSON 3
 

3.1 Pressure of Solid, liquid and gas

In this session, students will learn

K: Definition and units of pressure
U Application of pressure in our lives
:
D Calculations involving pressure, force and area
:

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
Activity 1: What is pressure??
State the application of pressure
in daily life.
Answer in padlet
https://padlet.com/menagaip/nxztb6
5yncz9

[3.1] Pressures and their applications.mp4

 PRESSURE IN
SOLIDS
Pressure and Surface Area

Have you ever wondered why girls are not allowed to wear heels on a golf
course? Why we cut things easily with a sharp knife? Why doctors perform
injection on us with needles?

The easiness of an object (like needle) to enter a surface (like your arm!) is
given a quantity called pressure.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 Forces and Pressure
Why does the woman wearing snow shoes stay
on top of the snow and the two girls sink into
the snow?
 PRESSURE IN
SOLIDS
Pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area.
It has an SI unit of Pascal or Newton per square metre.

P A

A lot of products and machines we use in our daily lives are designed
by controlling the pressure that they exert on surfaces.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 When we want to pressure to be high, we will design the object to have a small
surface area.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 When we want to pressure to be low, we will design the object to have a large
surface area.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS

The Hydraulic Pump – Pascal’s Principle

Pascal’s principle states that pressure applied to an

enclosed liquid is transmitted uniformly to every
part of the liquid and the walls of the container
with loss. It also states that pressure acts in all
directions.
This principle is applied in the design of the
hydraulic pumps, jacks and brakes.

Physics - Application of Pascal's Law in Hydraulics -English.mp4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV5IEooHqIw

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
The basic hydraulic system:

Small input force Large output force

produced
Small
Large
surface
surface
area
area

A small input force is exerted onto a piston with a small surface area. A pressure
is produced, transmitted throughout the entire system uniformly, provided that
the liquid is incompressible and there are no bubbles. The same pressure is
present at the piston with large surface area, exerting a large output pressure.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
Concept of Depth
The pressure at a certain point in a liquid is related to the weight of all the liquid
above the point.
A few important points to note:
a) The more liquid above the point, the higher is the pressure exerted – The
greater the depth, the higher the pressure
To illustrate the relationship between depth and pressure, the following diagram
is useful:

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 EXPERIMENT 1

SET 1 SET 2 SET 3

Observe how far the water spurt from the hole.

The more liquid above the point, the higher is the pressure exerted.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 Eg. The hydroelectric dam is designed such that the wall at the base is thicker
to withstand the greater pressure.

Hydroelectric dam

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 b) The pressure in the liquid is not dependent on the shapes of the container
Pressure at the bottom of a liquid is always the same regardless of the base
area or shape as long as the height of the liquid is the same

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 EXPERIMENT 1

SET 1 SET 2

Observe how far the water spurt from the hole.

The size of the container does not affect the pressure at the bottom.

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 PRESSURE IN GASES

Gas is made up of tiny particles that are always in

continuous random motion.
Collision of these particles with the walls of the
container will produce a pressure acting on the walls.

The more times particles collide with the walls, the higher is the pressure
exerted.
Hence, pressure is affected by:
a) Volume
The smaller is the volume, the more often the particles will collide with walls
The pressure is higher.
b) Temperature
The higher the temperature, the higher kinetic energy possessed, the faster
the particles move, hence the more often they will collide with the walls.
GlobalThe pressure
Context: is higher.
Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:
Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 The knowledge of how pressure of air can be controlled and how a difference in
pressure can produce force is a very important discovery in science.
The following are some examples of our daily lives application on air pressure:

1 Injection Syringe 2 Drinking Straw

Region of low pressure Region of low

created when plunger is pressure created
pulled when straw is sucked

High atmospheric High atmospheric

pressure pushes pressure pushes
liquid into syringe liquid into straw

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 3 Spraying Pump 4 Syphon
Region of low pressure High atmospheric pressure
created when air moves at pushes water into the hose.
high speed
High Low atmospheric
pressure in pressure region in
the tank the lower tank
pushes liquid
into channel

5 Toilet Pump 6 Pouring from cans

Low
pressure Region of low High atmospheric
region pressure pressure created
created (semi-vacuum) when air enters,
pushes out liquid

High atmospheric High atmospheric pressure

pressure pushes dirt out prevents liquid from flowing out

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 7 Suction Cup

High atmospheric
pressure pushes cup
to stay against the
wall

Region of low pressure created when

suction cup is pushed against wall

Global Context: Statement of Enquiry: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Orientation In Understanding the various forms and relationships between Change Forms
Space And Time electrical energy and gravitational forces allows us to Transform
 Balanced Pressures
Why doesn’t the pressure of the air
around you crush you?

The reason is because the pressure

inside your body balances the
pressure outside of your body.
 Balanced Pressures
Some parts of your body, such as your lungs,
sinus cavities, and inner ear, contain air.
Other parts of your body, such as your cells and
blood vessels, contain liquids.
 Variations in Fluid Pressure

Have you ever had your ears “pop” when you drive up
the side of a mountain? Why?

Air pressure decreases as elevation increases.

 Variations in Fluid Pressure
When the air pressure outside of your body
changes, the air pressure inside will adjust too,
but more slowly. For a moment, the air
pressure behind your eardrums is greater than
it is outside. Your body releases this pressure
with a pop so that the pressures are once
again balanced.
 Variations in Fluid Pressure
What do you feel when you swim down to the
bottom of a deep pool or lake? Why?

Water pressure increases as depth increases.

 Variations in Fluid Pressure
The water pressure increases as you go down
because there is more water above you. In
addition, air in the atmosphere is pushing
down on the water. The total pressure below
the water results from the weight of the water
and air above you.
 Post Lesson
Complete the questions in Beed and the
worksheet on calculation of force and pressure
(shared in google classroom)