ARM

By Anita Bhatt
CHAPTER-2 Hardware/Software Co-design for
Embedded Systems:
 Microcontrollers for embedded systems, 32-bit RISC
Architectures for embedded Design, ARM
architectural details, The ARM programmer’s model,
ARM development tools, ARM microcontroller
programming in C, On Chip Peripheral programming,
Input/ Output device Interfacing, Keypad, Displays,
Touch Screen, Sensors, Drivers interfacing,
Communication & Wireless Interfacing
CHAPTER-2 Hardware/Software Co-design for
Embedded Systems:
 Microcontrollers for embedded systems, 32-bit
RISC Architectures for embedded Design, ARM
architectural details, The ARM programmer’s model,
ARM development tools, ARM microcontroller
programming in C, On Chip Peripheral programming,
Input/ Output device Interfacing, Keypad, Displays,
Touch Screen, Sensors, Drivers interfacing,
Communication & Wireless Interfacing
 RISC and CISC

When to use RISC and when to use CISC?

Naming of ARM (ARM7TDMI-S)
ARMxyzTDMI-S
T: Thumb
D: debugger
M: Multiplier
I: EmbeddedICE (built-in debugger hardware)
S: Synthesizable version (source code version for
EDA tools)
ARM IS RISC
RISC: simple but powerful instructions that execute
within a single cycle at high clock speed.
Four major design rules:
Instructions: reduced set/single cycle/fixed length
Pipeline: fetch/decode/execute
Registers: a large set of general-purpose registers
Load/store architecture: data processing
instructions apply to registers only; load/store to
transfer data from memory
ARM Instruction
 ARM7TDMI Pipeline

FETCH DECODE EXECUTE

Reg. Reg.
Read Shift ALU Write

1 Clock cycle

ARM9TDMI Pipeline

FETCH DECODE EXECUTE MEMORY WRITE

Reg. Reg.
Shift ALU access
Read Write

1 Clock cycle
 1 FETCH DECODE EXECUTE

2 FETCH DECODE EXECUTE

3 FETCH DECODE EXECUTE

instruction
time
ARM7TDMI-S

3 pipeline stages (fetch/decode/execute)

High code density/low power
consumption
One of the most used ARM-version (for
low-end systems)
All ARM cores after ARM7TDMI include
TDMI even if they do not include TDMI
in their labels
CHAPTER-2 Hardware/Software Co-design
for Embedded Systems:
 Microcontrollers for embedded systems, 32-bit RISC
Architectures for embedded Design, ARM
architectural details, The ARM programmer’s model,
ARM development tools, ARM microcontroller
programming in C, On Chip Peripheral programming,
Input/ Output device Interfacing, Keypad, Displays,
Touch Screen, Sensors, Drivers interfacing,
Communication & Wireless Interfacing
ARM architecture
CHAPTER-2 Hardware/Software Co-design
for Embedded Systems:
 Microcontrollers for embedded systems, 32-bit RISC
Architectures for embedded Design, ARM
architectural details, The ARM programmer’s
model,ARM development tools, ARM microcontroller
programming in C, On Chip Peripheral programming,
Input/ Output device Interfacing, Keypad, Displays,
Touch Screen, Sensors, Drivers interfacing,
Communication & Wireless Interfacing
Processor Mode
Privileged Mode
FIQ - Fast Interrupt Request
IRQ - Interrupt Request
Supervisor
Abort
Undefined
system

Non-Privileged Mode
User mode
Processor Mode
Privileged Mode
FIQ - Fast Interrupt Request
IRQ - Interrupt Request
Supervisor
Abort
Undefined
system

Non-Privileged Mode
User mode
CHAPTER-2 Hardware/Software Co-design
for Embedded Systems:
 Microcontrollers for embedded systems, 32-bit RISC
Architectures for embedded Design, ARM
architectural details, The ARM programmer’s model,
ARM development tools, ARM microcontroller
programming in C, On Chip Peripheral programming,
Input/ Output device Interfacing, Keypad, Displays,
Touch Screen, Sensors, Drivers interfacing,
Communication & Wireless Interfacing