WELCOME!

GRADE 10
MAPEH
MUSIC
10
 REVIEW
Direction: Match Column A to Column B. Write the correct answer on a
piece of paper. You have two (2) minutes to answer this.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. Avant-garde a. use of ring modulators
_____ 2. Atonality b. twelve-tone scale
_____ 3. Chance music c. folk materials and modern style
_____4. Expressionism d. recording natural sound
_____5. Impressionism e. synthesizers and amplifiers
_____ 6. Musique Concrete f. reverse motif of pitch
_____7. Retrograde g. Seven note diatonic
_____ 8. Neo-classicism h. lack of tonality or tonal center
__ ___ 9. Electronic Music i. whole tone scale
_____10. Modern nationalism j. Claire de lune
k. space sound parameters
l. rondo
 ANSWER KEY:
___K__ 1. Avant-garde
___H__ 2. Atonality
___A__ 3. Chance music
___B__4. Expressionism
___I_ 5. Impressionism
___D_ 6. Musique Concrete
___F__7. Retrograde
__G__ 8. Neo-classicism
__ E_ 9. Electronic Music
___C_10. Modern nationalism
If you got 7 points and
above on this activity, for
sure you pay attention to the
lesson that we have on the
previous module and you
took seriously the distinctive
characteristic and elements
of 20th century music style.
Congratulations!!! Now, let
us proceed by exploring
more about contemporary
music.
 20 CENTURY
th

MUSICAL STYLE
PRACTICES
(settings, composition, role
of composers,
performers/audience)
IMPRESSIONISM
This movement was influenced by the painting created
by Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise. Musical
Impressionism is the name given to a movement in
European classical music that arose in the late 19th century
and continued into the middle of the 20th century.
Originating in France, musical Impressionism is
characterized by suggestion and atmosphere, and eschews
the emotional excesses of the Romantic era. The influence
of visual Impressionism on its musical counterpart is
debatable. Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel are
generally considered the greatest Impressionist composers,
but Debussy disavowed the term, calling it the invention of
critics.
Impressionism Composers and their Role

Claude Debussy (1862-1918)

He was the primary exponent of the
impressionist movement and the focal point for
other impressionist composers. He changed the
course of musical development by dissolving
traditional rules and conventions into a new
language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form,
texture, and color. The whole-tone scale was used
by Claude Debussy requiring an interval of whole
step and also appeared occasionally in the 20th
century. Claude Debussy was also known as the
“Father of modern school of composition”.
Claire de Lune, La Mer, Children’s Corner Suite
Maurice Ravel (1875-1937)
The compositional style of Ravel is mainly
characterized by its uniquely innovative but not
atonal style of harmonic treatment. It is defined
with intricate and sometimes modal melodies and
extended chordal components. It demands
considerable technical virtuosity from the
performer which is the character, ability, or skill
of a virtuoso—a person who excels in musical
technique or execution. Many of his works deal
with water in its flowing or stormy moods as well
as with human characterizations.
Mirrors, Sonatine, Bolero
EXPRESIONISM
The term expressionism was probably first
applied to music in 1918 and associated with
Arnold Schoenberg. It was also influence by the
visual arts expressionism that shows powerful
emotion and avoided the traditional forms of
beauty. Expressionist music seeks to eliminate
all conventional elements and produce atonal
style of music. Expressionist music often
features a high level of dissonance, extreme
contrasts of dynamics, constant changing of
textures, “distorted” melodies and harmonies,
and angular melodies with wide leaps.
Expressionism Composers and their Role
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Schoenberg’s style was constantly undergoing development.
From the early influences of Wagner, his tonal preference gradually
turned to the dissonant and atonal, as he explored the use of
chromatic harmonies. His music became increasingly dissonant and
chromatic in the style of Expressionism. The sense of key or tonal
center became less and less obvious eventually resulting in
atonality. Although full of melodic and lyrical interest, his music is
also extremely complex, creating heavy demands on the listener. His
works were met with extreme reactions, either strong hostility from
the general public or enthusiastic acclaim from his supporters.
There was so much unrest at one concert that the police were called.
Arnold Schoenberg was also credited in using Twelve-tone scale.

Verklarte Nacht, Violin Concerto, Gurrelieder

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Stravinsky’s early music reflected the influence of his
teacher, the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-
Korsakov. His composition The Rite of Spring (1913) was
another outstanding work.
A new level of dissonance was reached and the sense of
tonality was practically abandoned. Asymmetrical
rhythms successfully portrayed the character of a
solemn pagan rite. He eventually. He left his country and
migrated to United States of America and became an
American citizen. Stravinsky abandon his style and
cultivated is neo-classical style.
The Rite of Spring, Petrouchka, The Firebird Suite
NEO-CLASSICISM
Neo-classicism was a 20th century trend that sought
the return of aesthetic perception associated with the
broadly defined concept of classicism, namely order,
balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint. The
neoclassical impulse found its expression in such
features as the use of pared-down performing forces,
an emphasis on rhythm and on contrapuntal texture,
an updated or expanded tonal harmony, and a
concentration on absolute texture as opposed to
Romantic program music. Igor Stravinsky is also a
prominent composer of Neo-classicism
Neo-classicism Composers and their Role

Bela Bartok (1874-1951)

As a neo-classicist, primitivist, and nationalist
composer, Bartok used Hungarian folk themes and
rhythms. He also utilized changing meters and
strong syncopations. His compositions were
successful because of their rich melodies and
lively rhythms.

String Quartet No. 4, Allegro, Mikrokosmos, Barbaro

Sergei Prokofieff (1874-1951)
Prokofieff is regarded today as a combination
of neo-classicist, nationalist, and avant garde
composer. His style is uniquely recognizable for
its progressive technique, pulsating rhythms,
melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance.
He was highlysuccessful in his piano music, as
evidenced bythe wide acceptance of his piano
concerti and sonatas,featuring toccata-like
rhythms and biting harmonic dissonance with in
a classical form and structure.

Romeo and Juliet (ballet), Piano Sonatas

 Francis Poulenc (1899-1963)

Francis Poulenc was the leading composer

of Les Six, the French group devoted to
turning music away from Impressionism,
formality, and intellectualism. He wrote in a
direct and tuneful manner, often juxtaposing
the witty and ironic with the sentimental or
melancholy. He heavily favored diatonic and
modal textures over chromatic writing.

Concerto for Two Pianos, Dialogues des Carmelites

AVANT-GARDE
Avant-garde is French for 'advance guard' or
'vanguard.' Avant-garde music is on the cutting edge
and challenges expectations. The term is typically
used to describe the musical styles that evolved after
1945, sometimes referred to as post-World War II
music. It is also considered to be at the forefront of
innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde
implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions,
rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or
original elements, and the idea of deliberately
challenging or alienating audiences.
Avant-Garde Composers and their Works
George Gershwin (1898-1963)

He was influenced by Ravel,

Stravinsky, Berg, and Schoenberg, as
well as the group of contemporary
French composers known as “Les Six”
that would shape the character of his
major works— half jazz and half
classical.
An American in Paris, Rhapsody in Blue,
Someone to Watch Over Me
Leonard Bernstein (1928-1963)

Bernstein’s philosophy was that the

universal language of music is basically
rooted in tonality. This came under fire
from the radical young musicians who
espoused the serialist principles of that
time.
Tonight by West Side Story,
Clarinet Sonata
Philip Glass (1937)

Philip Glass who is also an avant-garde composer.

He explored the territories of ballet, opera, theater, film,
and even television jingles. His distinctive style involves
cell-like phrases emanating from bright electronic
sounds from the keyboard that progressed very slowly
from one pattern to the next in a very repetitious
fashion. Aided by soothing vocal effects and horn
sounds, his music is often criticized as uneventful and
shallow, yet startlingly effective for its hypnotic charm.

Einstein on the Beach, Satyagraha

ELECTRONIC MUSIC
The first electronic devices for performing music in the
history of electronic music, were developed at the end of
19th century. Shortly afterward Italian futurist explored
sounds that had previously not been considered musical.
During the 1920’s and 1930’s, electronic instruments were
introduced and the first compositions for electronic
instruments were composed. By 1940’s magnetic audio
tape allowed musicians to tape sounds and then modify
them by changing the tape speed or direction. Musique
concrete was created in Paris in 1948. It was based on
editing together recorded fragments of natural and
industrial sounds. Music produced in Germany in 1953.
Electronic Music Composers and their Role
Edgard Varese (1883 -1965)

Known as the “Father of Electronic”. He was

considered an “innovative French-born
composer.” However, he spent the greater part
of his life and career in the United States,
where he pioneered and created new sounds
that bordered between music and noise.

Poéme Électonique, Hyperprism for wind

and percussion
Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928)
He is a central figure in the realm of electronic
music. Stockhausen’s music was initially met
with resistance due to its heavily atonal content
with practically no clear melodic or rhythmic
sense. Still, he continued to experiment with
musique concrete. His Helicopter String Quartet,
in which a string quartet performs whilst
airborne in four different helicopters, develops
his long-standing fascination with music which
moves in space.
Grupen, Kontakte,
Licht (Light)
CHANCE MUSIC
Originates from the Latin word "alea" which
means "dice". Aleatoric/Chance is music in
which some element of the composition is left to
chance, and/or some primary element of a
composed work's realization is left to the
determination of its performer(s). The term is
most often associated with procedures in which
the chance element involves a relatively limited
number of possibilities.
John Cage (1912 -1992)
John Cage is the 20th century conceptual
artist who famously "composed" the piano
piece titled 4' 33" (1952), which consists of the
pianist(s) sitting at a piano and not playing for
exactly four minutes and 33 seconds. He
continued to experiment and push the
boundaries music and embarked on a career of
what he called "an exploration of non-
intention.".
Metamorphosis, for piano; Five Songs, for contralto
soloist and piano
ACTIVITY 1 – NOW YOU KNOW
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following questions
based on what you know about 20th Century Music. Write
your answer on your notebook.
1. What group of people inspired many of Bartok’s
compositions?
2. What kind of musical style is attributed to Schoenberg
and Stravinsky??
3.Who is considered the foremost impressionist?
4. Who was the French composer known as the “Father of
Electronic Music?
5. Who composed an experimental Helicopter String
Quartet played inside the four different helicopters?
ACTIVITY 2 – EXPERIMENTION WITH THE SOUNDS OF
20th CENTURY MUSIC SYSTEM
1. Chance Music – Put small items inside a bag. Include
coins, pens, pins, small bells, and other articles with
percussive sounds. Pour the bag’s contents on a hard surface
and record the sounds that are produced with a cellphone or
other available device. Put the items back in the bag and
unload the same while once again recording the sounds being
produced. Note the changes between the two sets of sounds
recorded.

2. Electronic Music – Create short electronic music pieces

using your knowledge of 20th century musical styles.
Check yourself: COMPLETE THE DIAGRAM
Put a brief information or facts and composers on the following boxes.
 POST-TEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
correct answer on the blank provided before the number item.

________1. Who is the 20th century composer that introduce twelve-

tone scale?
A. Claude Debussy C. Arnold Schoenberg
B. John Cage D. Philip Glass

________2. Who was the French composer known as the “Father of

Electronic Music??
A. John Cage C. Edgard Varese
B. Philip Glass D. Bela Bartok

________3. Known piano composition created by John Cage where in

the pianist just sit in front of the piano for four minutes and thirty-three
seconds.
A. Stare C. Sit in front of piano
B. 4’33” D. Sound of silence
________4. Who was the composer known as the “Father of American
Jazz Music?
A. Philip Glass C. Maurice Ravel
B. George Gershwin D. Leonard Bernstein

________5. He is a 20th century composer that uses Hungarian folk

themes and rhythms, also utilized changing meters and adopt
syncopation in his music?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Maurice Ravel
B. Bela Bartok D. Igor Stravinsky