Globalization of the

Asia Pacific
and
South Asia
Differentiate between regionalization to
globalization

Explain how regions are form and

kept together

Identify Asia-Pacific Region

Differentiate Westernization and

Globalization

Identify the present challenges on

Regionalism

Know the different perspective of western and

non-western government.
 The Historical
connections of
GLOBALIZATION
and
REGIONALIZATION

Reporter: Mary Joy Angtud

 represents the global
integration of international
trade, investments,
information technology and
cultures.

What is GLOBALIZATION ?
Process of closer economic
integration of countries within a
region that divides into area called What is REGIONALIZATION?
segments
is generated by globalization, and at
the same time regional blocks
formation interferes with
globalization processes.
Effects of Regionalization

 Provincial Improvements
 Growth of Domestic Products

 Organized Trading System

Challenges

Monopolize System

Less Support from

National Governemnt

Can’t offer Aid to Another

Less Promotion of Culture

What is the relationship between
regionalization and globalization?

• Globalization is accompanied by a regionalization of

international relations, transfer of public functions to sub-
national or international level. Regions helps to protect
public relations of globalization from negative impact and
act as an independent subject of international relations.
THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SOUTH ASIA
 How to Measure Economic Growth
• Gross domestic product is the best way to measure
economic growth.
• It takes into account the country's entire economic output.
• It includes all goods and services that businesses in the
country produce for sale.
• It doesn't matter whether they are sold domestically or
overseas.
SOUTH ASIAN
Countries
• In Afghanistan, with
improved farming
conditions and assuming
political stability after the
elections, growth is
expected to recover and
reach 3 percent in 2020
and 3.5 percent in 2021.   
• In Bangladesh, GDP is
projected to moderate
to 7.2 percent this
fiscal year and 7.3
percent the following
one. 
• In Bhutan, GDP growth
is expected to jump to
7.4 percent this fiscal
year with the
commissioning of
Mangdechhu, a new
hydropower plant, and
the completion of the
maintenance of Tala,
another one.
•.
• In India, after the broad-
based deceleration in
the first quarters of this
fiscal year, growth is
projected to fall to 6.0
this fiscal year. 
• In Maldives, growth is
expected to reach 5.2
percent in 2019, due to a
slowdown in construction
following the completion
of the international airport
and a connecting bridge. 
• In Nepal, GDP growth is
projected to average 6.5
percent over this and next
fiscal year, backed by
strong services and
construction activity due to
rising tourist arrivals and
higher public spending.
• In Pakistan, growth is
projected to deteriorate
further to 2.4 percent this
fiscal year, as monetary
policy remains tight, and
the planned fiscal
consolidation will
compress domestic
demand.
• In Sri Lanka, growth is
expected to soften to 2.7
percent in 2019.
 Globalization in
the Asia-Pacific
Region

Reporter: Jericho Sandal

 What is Globalization ?
•Globalization refers to the expansion and
intensification of social relations and consciousness
across world-time and world-space. ( Manfred
Steger, 2014 )

* The emergence of TNCs and MNC

 What is the Asia-Pacific
Region ?
• Asia-Pacific Region varies in area depending on
context, but it generally includes East Asia,
South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.
ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
Globalization in Asia-Pacific Region

Is Globalization a Westerning Process?

Overall
-Largely No
Globalization in Asia-Pacific Region

Is Globalization a Westerning Process?

Overall
-Largely No

Asia-Pacific
- Widely Yes
Globalization in Asia-Pacific Region

Will Asia-Pacific Seek to Limit the Impacts of Globalization ?

-Varied
-Uneven Geographic Coverage
- Economic Liberalization
- 1997 crisis
Globalization in Asia-Pacific Region

How Should Countries in Asia-Pacific Region Respond to

Globalization?
- Policy Response
- Distributional Responses
- Structural Responses
Countries, Regions,
and Globalization

Reporter: Dielyn Espinosa

Region
A group of countries located in the same geographically
specified area. An amalgamation of two regions or a
combination of more than two regions organized to regulate
and oversee flows and policy choices.
Regionalization vs. Regionalism
Regionalization is a regional concentration of economic
flows

Regionalism is a political process characterized by

economic policy cooperation and coordination among
countries.
 DO YOU AGREE?

Countries respond
economically and politically to
globalization in various ways.
WHY?
Resources

Location
CHINA
SINGAPORE
REGIONAL ASSOCIATION
Reasons why Countries form Regional Association

• Military defense
• Pool resources
• Get better returns for their exports.
• Expand their leverage against trading partners.
• Protect their independence from the pressures of
superpower politics.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
(NATO)

• Formed during Cold War (1949).

• Provide collective security against the threat posed by the
Soviet Union.
• Armed attack on one member nation would be considered
as an attack on all. (Founding Principle)
WARSAW PACT
• Founded on May 14, 1955
• It was created in reaction to the integration of NATO in
1955 per London and Paris Conference of 1954 and
motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over
military forces in Europe.
ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES
(OPEC)

• Founded on September 14, 1960.

• Coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member
Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to
secure an efficient economic and regular supply of petroleum to
consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on
capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.
NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
(NAM)
• Founded on 1961
• Self-determination, national independence and
sovereignty and territorial integrity of States; opposition to
apartheid; non-adherence to multilateral military pacts and
independence of non-aligned countries from great power.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
(IMF)

• Founded on 1945
• Help ensure stability in the international system.
• Thai economy collapsed in 1996 and IMF tried to reverse
the crisis.
 NON STATE
REGIONALISM

Reporter: Mary Joy Angtud

 What is Regionalism ?

• Means love for one’s own region than for the

country
• refers to the political and cognitive idea of
forming regions.
• not NATURAL
Evident in the expansion of many other regional projects
around the world, such as :

 African Union (AU),

 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
 the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),

 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),

 the Southern African Development Community (SADC),
 the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and, more recently,

 the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR).

NON STATE REGIONALISM

 It is not only states that agree to work together

in the name of a single cause.
 Communities also engage in regional
organizing
The new regionalism varies in form:

Tiny associations that includes few actors and focused on a

single issue
Ex – environmental concerns, military, sports, food
Huge continental unions that address a multitude of common
problems
Ex. United Nations
New Regionalism

Rely on the power of individuals, NGO’s and associations to link

up with one another in pursuit of a particular goal.
identified with reformists who share the same values, norms,
institutions and systems
Ex. Terrorists groups, Masons, religious,
They also vary in tactics

Some partner with governments to initiate social change

Ex. ASEAN on Human rights declaration, NAFTA (North
American Free Trade Agreement)
Some dedicate themselves to specialized causes
– Ex. Activists across Central and South America
established the Rainforest Foundation to protect
indigenous peoples and rainforests in certain countries
like Brazil, Peru, etc.
Challenges

1. Primary power lies in their moral standing and their ability to combine
lobbying with pressure politics. Unfortunately, some are poorly financed.

2. Discord that may emerge among them

– Ex. Issues like gender and religion. Groups that side with the church
opposed to reproductive rights and other pro women policies
– Some countries Refused to recognize rights of undocumented migrants
from Migrant Forum lobbying for their rights
 Contemporary
Challenges on
Regionalism

Reporter: Amfre Marata

Contemporary Challenges on Regionalism

-Regionalism faces multiple challenges

-most serious is the resurgence of militant nationalism and

populism.

- the refusal to dismantle NATO after the collapse of the

Soviet Union has become the basis of the Anti-NATO
rhetoric of Vladimir Putin.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington Treaty, NATO is a
security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe.
NATO’s fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies’ freedom and
security by political and military means.
• -relationship of UNITED STATES with NATO has become
problematic
• -most crisis-ridden regional organizationof today is the
Europian Union.
• -Greece consider leaving the Union to gain more flexibility
in their economic policy.
• -Anti-immigrant sentiment and a populist campaign
against Europe have already led to the United Kingdom
voting to leave the EU in a move the media has formed the
“Brexit”
• -ASEAN members to disagree over the extent to which
member countries should sacrifice their sovereignty for the
sake of regional stability.
• -The Association’s link with EAst Asia has also been
problematic. Recently, ASEAN countries also disagreed
over how to relate to China .
• -With the unable to get the other countries to support to
condemnation of China’s occupation of West Philippines
Sea . Cambodia and Laos led the opposition favoring
diplomacy over confrontation, but the real reason was the
dramatic increase of Chinese investments and economic
aid to these countries.
A final challenge pertains to differing visions of
what regionalism should be for:

• Western governments may see regional organizations not

simply as economic formations but also as instruments of
political democratization.
• Non-Western and developing countries however may
have different perspective.
• Singapore, China , Russia see Democracy as obstacle to
implementation and deepening of economic globalization.