DESIGN PROJECT

FOR

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

WHAT IS WATER TREATMENT AND
ITS COMMON PROCESSES
Water treatment.
The water for drinking purpose requires specific and particular properties but raw
waters have complex compositions and contaminants, hence essential modifications to
composition and removal of undesirable contaminants are needed to make it drinking
water. The different water treatment processes are employed according to
contaminants.

Common processes for water treatment

The common processes of water treatment are as under.
1- Screening and micro-straining
Removal of floating and large suspended solids from raw water i.e
leaves, branches etc.
2- Clarification. i- Coagulation and flocculation ii- sedimentation
3- Filtration through porous media. (Rapid and slow sand filter)
Removal of soluble and colloidal organic matter which remain after
clarification processes.
4- Disinfection ( Chlorination ) , Biological Oxidation , Chemical treatment
(ion exchange) , PH, Ca++, Mg++
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW WATER

The raw water have following characteristics/properties.

1- Physical characteristics.
Color, taste & odor, turbidity, settle able & suspended solids

2- Chemical characteristics.
i- PH. The pH value is concentration of free hydrogen ions
ii- Hardness. The property of water to prevents lather formation. It
is mainly due to metallic ions Ca++ ,Mg++ and Fe++
iii-Dissolved Oxygen ( DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Nitrification (oxidation of nitrogen)

3- Biological characteristics
Living of organisms i.e. Bacteria , viruses, aquatic micro-organisms
and plants i.e algae, fungi etc
Train for conventional potable water
treatment plant.
OPERATIONAL FLOW DIAGRAM FOR
WATER TR EATMENT PLANT
Screens
SCREENS
Coagulation and flocculation
Removal of creosote and pesticides
from the liquid phase
 Flow Diagram of a typical water
treatment process