PROPERTIES OF

MATTER
& its Classification
■ Matter is anything that occupies space and
has mass.

■ Properties are those qualities or attributes

that we can use to distinguish one sample of
matter from others.
– Examples include: …….

■ Properties of matter are generally grouped

into two large categories:
1. Physical
2. Chemical
Physical and Chemical
Properties of Matter
■ Physical properties are characteristics that do
not involve a change in a sample’s chemical
makeup.

■ Chemical properties are characteristics that do

involve a change in chemical makeup.
Intensive and Extensive
Properties
■ Intensive properties have values that do not
depend on the amount of material.
– E.g.

■ Extensive properties depend on the size or

amount of material.
– E.g.

■ NB. All chemical properties are intensive.

 Classification of Matter
■ Every sample of matter can be classified as either:
– a pure substance or a mixture of substances.

■ A pure substance has a constant composition that is

unchanged by physical processes e.g. boiling,
filtering, etc.

■ Mixtures are a dispersion of two or more pure

substances that retain their chemical identity.
– homogeneous mixture: atoms or molecules are
randomly mixed at the molecular level. E.g.
solutions.
– heterogeneous mixtures: the components are
physically separated. E.g. sand and water.
Classification of Matter
Pure Substances
■ Can be further classified as :
– an element or compound

■ A compound consists of two or more different types

of atoms, usually joined into molecules.

■ An element cannot be decomposed into simpler

substances by chemical mean and consists only of
atoms of a single type.

– Atoms are characterised by the number of

protons it contains.
 Element

Atoms

Nucleus Electrons

Protons Neutrons