How to Write

a Manuscript
Saleha Sungkar
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
 Original Article
· Title
· Authors and institution
· Abstract & keywords
· Contents: IMRAD
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion (and Conclusion)
· Acknowledgment
· Conflict of interest
· References
 Title
·Represents contents of the article: the fewest possible words that
adequately describe the content of the paper
·Avoid overly long title
“Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in the
intrauterine cavity of postmenopausal women using an intrauterine
delivery system releasing progesterone: a possible mechanism of action
of the intrauterine device.”
·12-14 words is generally optimal
“Endometrial glycodelin-A expression in the luteal phase of stimulated
ovarian cycles.”
 Title
•Preferably written in positive sentence
•Avoid negative sentence or interrogative sentence
“ACE gene polymorphysm does not show significant role in the pathogenesis of
ischemic stroke”
“What is the role of ACE gene polymorphysm in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke?”
•Avoid abbreviation and acronym, except if widely well known
“Incidence of drug-induced hepatitis in HIV patients receiving OAT drugs”
•Include time and place if the results apply to specific time and place:
“The role of ACE gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital, 2000-2010”
Omit the following word(s)
• Observation on …
• Study on …
• Investigation of …
• An opening ‘A’, ‘An’, ‘The’
 Abstract
• Should contain important information
• Brief and condensed: 150-200 words
• One-paragraph abstract and structured abstract
• Consists of 4 parts:
- Aim (background)  main objective of the research
- Methods  what the researcher did, study parameters, statistical analysis
- Results  presents the main findings, should contain the results (not only
stating group A is significantly different from group B)
- Conclusion must be brief and contains interpretation of the findings
• No references
 Acceptable Post-Void Residual Urine Volume after Vaginal Delivery and its Association with Obstetric Parameters

Structured Abstract
Background. Urinary retention is a distressing event and relatively common in immediate postpartum period. This study
aims to know the range of post-void residual urine volume after vaginal delivery and its association with obstetric
parameters. Methods. This was a prospective observational study of women who delivered vaginally in Malaysia Medical
Centre from March 2017 to September 2017. Those who were able to void within 6 hours after delivery, the voided volume
measurements were taken at their second void followed by measurement of residual urine using a transabdominal ultrasound
scan. For those unable to void at 6 hours postpartum, the bladder volume was measured. If the bladder volume was 500 ml
or more, an indwelling catheter was inserted and kept for 24 hours. Results. A total of 155 patients were recruited. There
were 143 (92.3%) patients who had residual urine volume of < 150 ml at second void. Out of these 143 patients, 138
(96.5%) had residual volume of less than 100 ml, and among the 138 patients, 119 (86.2%) had residual urine volume of <
50 ml. The median residual urine volume was 10 ml. The overall rate of postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) was 7.7%; 6
(3.85%) had overt retention and 6 (3.85%) had covert retention. Primiparity, duration of active phase of labour, duration of
second stage of labour, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, instrumental delivery, and perineal pain score were independent risk
factors associated with postpartum urinary retention. Conclusion. Postpartum urinary retention complicates 7.7% of vaginal
deliveries; majority (86.2%) had residual urine volume < 50 ml. Obstetrics factors independently associated with PPUR
were primiparity, duration of active phase and second stage of labour, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, instrumental delivery,
and degree of perineal pain.
 One Paragraph Abstract
Urinary retention is a distressing event and relatively common in immediate postpartum period. This study aims at
investigating the range of post-void residual urine volume after vaginal delivery and its association with various obstetric
parameters. This prospective observational study of women who delivered vaginally was conducted in Malaysia Medical
Centre from March 2017 to September 2017. Those who were able to void within 6 hours after delivery, the voided
volume measurements were taken at their second void followed by measurement of residual urine using a transabdominal
ultrasound scan. For those unable to void at 6 hours postpartum, the bladder volume was measured. If the bladder volume
was 500 ml or more, an indwelling catheter was inserted and kept for 24 hours. A total of 155 patients were recruited.
There were 143 (92.3%) patients who had residual urine volume of < 150 ml at second void. Out of these 143 patients, 138
(96.5%) had residual urine volume of < 100 ml, and among the 138 patients, 119 (86.2%) had residual volume of < 50 ml.
The median residual urine volume was 10 ml. The overall rate of postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) was 7.7%; 6
(3.85%) had overt retention and 6 (3.85%) had covert retention. Primiparity, duration of active phase of labour, duration of
second stage of labour, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, instrumental delivery, and perineal pain score were independent
risk factors associated with postpartum urinary retention. In conclusion, postpartum urinary retention complicates 7.7% of
vaginal deliveries; majority (86.2%) had residual urine volume < 50 ml. Obstetrics factors independently associated with
PPUR were primiparity, duration of active phase and second stage of labour, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, instrumental
delivery, and degree of perineal pain.
 Introduction
• Justification for doing the study, strong references
• Leading the readers to the main topic of research
• Explains why the study is important, what the previous authors have
done
• The aim of the study at the end of introduction
• Hypothesis is usually not explicitly stated
• Concise, no lengthy descriptions
• 2 or 3 paragraphs is enough (approximately one page)
 Methods
• Design
• Time and place
• Population, sample size, sampling technique
• Inclusion and exclusion
• Randomization, blinding
• Study parameters
• Statistical analyses, CI, level of significance
• Computer program(s)
• Ethical clearance
 Results
·The most important part of the manuscript, present in logical
sequence
·All results should be preplanned in the Methods section
·Avoid repetition of results presentation
·Short comments may be needed, without entering discussion
·Write clearly in complete sentences with appropriate introductory
phrases in brief, complete, clear sentence
 Tables
• Tables only used if it gives better and clearer presentation than the text
• Limit the number of tables, 1 table per 1000 words (for 8 page long article,
3-4 tables are appropriate)
• Avoid telegraphic sentences, e.g., This was a descriptive study. There were
39 patients available, 20 boys and 19 girls. Etc
· Clear and concise
· Without vertical lines, without bullets.
· Avoid repetition of p value or CI95% in the text, if it is already presented in
table
 Presenting Numbers
• One digit number if not followed by metric  word: two patients
• One digit number, followed by metric  number: 8 mm
• Two digits number or morenumber: 18 people
• Beginning of a sentence word: Sixteen subjects suffered of
headache
• Others:
• Keempat, NOT ke empat
• Arabic number: Ke-4, NOT ke 4
• Roman number: IV  without ke neither -
 Presenting Numbers and Percentages
• Exact p value, p = 0.023 instead of p <0.05
• If the p is very small (<0,0001), no need to write precise value
• Do not repeat p values or CI in the text if it has been presented in tables
• Avoid providing p = 0.000, instead of p < 0.001
• Mean value: one decimal more than the original
• SD, SE: one decimal more than the mean
• Avoid using + (3200 + 2.17), preferably 3200 (SD 27.1); 3200 (SE 27.1).
• CI: not 0.67-3.24 but 0.67 to 3.2.
• Use percentages only for large number of subjects (definitely if >100,
reasonable if >40), usually 1 decimal if n > 100, no decimal if < 100
 Discussion
• Explain the meaning of the findings by comparing to previous
studies and relating its implications on current practice / health
policy
• Do not repeat frequently findings that have been described in
Results section.
• Address study strengths and limitations
 Conclusion
• Should answer all previously stated research question(s)/specific objectives
• Must be supported by own data, not only based on literature (avoid jumping
conclusion)
• Give the neaning of statistical significance (not only stating that A is
significantly better than B)
• Elaborate implication of the study
Objectives of the study
The aim of this study is to know the role of polyethylene in increasing GdA
and also the role of the inflammatory components regarding GdA

Conclusion
The expression of GdA was found to be greater in the single polyethylene than
combination of polyethylene+copper (CuT IUD). TNF-α and macrophages
CD38+ are the biggest inflammatory components that cause an increase in GdA
expression.
Wassalamulaikum wr wb
Terima Kasih