Non – Communicable

Diseases

Dr. Pragasam Viswanathan

Professor, SBST
 Communicable versus
non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable
Communicable diseases
diseases
• Gradualonset
Sudden onset
• Single cause
Multiple causes
• Short natural history
Long
• Short treatment
Prolonged treatment
schedule
• Cure predominates
Care is achieved
• Single discipline
Multidisciplinary
• Short follow
Prolonged follow
up up
• Back to normalcy
Quality of life after treatment
Non-Communicable Diseases(NCDs) and their causes

Cancer
Diabetes Chronic
Respiratory
Diseases
Cardiovascular
Diseases

Other NCDs

Physical Unhealthy
inactivity diets
Tobacco Harmful use Malnutrition
Obesity
use of alcohol
 Non communicable disease
programmes in India
A. National cancer control programme
B. National mental health programme
C. National blindness control programme
D. Cardiovascular diseases, stroke and diabetes
programme
E. Trauma and accident programme
F. Oral health programme
G. Rehabilitation programme
H. Geriatric care programme
 Existing reporting systems for non
communicable diseases in India
• Sentinel surveillance systems
– National Cancer Registry Programme
• Periodic surveys/studies
– Census of India
– Sample registration systems
– National sample surveys
– National family health survey
– National nutrition monitoring programme
 Sources of data collection for non
communicable diseases in India
• Mortality data
– Medical certificates for death
– Cause of death surveys
– Hospital records
• Morbidity data
– Registry (Cancer)
– Special surveys
– Hospital reports
• Risk factors
– Special surveys
• Registries
– Cancer (Shift from hospital to community based)
– RF/RHD (Jai Vigyan Mission)
– Thalasemia (Jai Vigyan Mission)
 Life course approach for the prevention
of non communicable diseases
Development of non communicable diseases

Foetal Infancy and Adolescence Adult Life

life childhood
•Established adult risk factors
•Obesity (behavioural/biological)
•Lack of
•SES activity
•Diet
•Nutrition Range of
•Alcohol,
•Diseases individua
•SES •Smoking
•Linear l
•Maternal •SE potential
growth risk
nutritional •Obesity
status & Accumulated
Accumulated
risk
obesity,
•Fetal risk
growth

Age
 Heterogeneity of non-communicable
risk factors in India
Kerala High literacy rate, developed

Different
dietary Delhi Metropolitan city, highly
patterns urbanized, heterogeneous
population
Different Nested population
body Jammu & Terrain, relatively
composition Kashmir underdeveloped

Different
habits Nagaland
Nested population
Underdeveloped, Tribes and
Terrain

Bihar Illiterate, Poor population

Rural, Agricultural, Tribals