DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

CHAPTER - 16
NAME: NAGENDRA SAINAADHAN
ROLL NO: 74
SECTION – A
GROUP - 16
#GROUP LEADER
Ectodermal appendage
TOPIC
stem cells
EPIDERMAL APPENDAGE STEM CELLS SEARCH
stem cells
ST
E M EC
CE A TO
LL PP D
EN E
ST S D RM
E M A A
G L
CE E
D LL S
EV &
EL B

Ectodermal appendage
O RE EX
PM A D A
E N ST IF M
FE PL
T RE E
PR TY N SO
T F
O PE SP S
D S EC TE
U O
CI F IE M
N S S C
G TE EL
EP M L S
ST ID C M IN
RU E R E L G AM
CT M LS LA M
U AL N A
RE D R
Y

H
CE AIR
LL S
T EM
ECTODERMAL
APPANDAGES
SCALES TEETH HAIRS

SWEAT
F M STudioS HitS GLANDS

FEATHERS
MAMMARY SCUTES
GLANDS

STEM CELLS
ECTODERMAL APPENDAGES
STEM CELLS
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

ADULT STEM CELLS

EMBRYONIC ADULT STEM
STEM CELLS CELLS
 Whether or not some stem cells are present differs importantly between species.

ever-growing mouse incisors,

Fish and reptiles can regenerate there is a stem cell niche that
their teeth but mammals cannot.
retains the epithelial cells that
Mammals exhibit DIPHYODONT
dentition constantly generate the
enamel-forming ameloblast
Other mammals including cells
RODENTS & ELEPHANTS teeth
grows continuously

In some reptiles, such as

β-catenin accumulates alligators, part of the dental
lamina is retained, and it
in these cells while contains epithelial stem cells
Wnt inhibitors are lost capable of regenerating lost
teeth.
 STEM CELL AND BREAST
DEVELOPMENT
The mammary gland (after
which our vertebrate class
was named) contains stem
cells for the reactivation of
its growth at puberty and
pregnancy
01
During puberty, estrogens
cause extensive branching
of the ducts and elongation
of the terminal end buds.
04 The mammalian mammary
gland probably contains a stem
cell that is able to generate all
the lineages of the gland.
03
During pregnancy, the ducts,
stimulated by progesterone and
prolactin, form tertiary side
02 branches that differentiate into the
milk-producing alveoli
STAGES OF MAMMALIAN
BREAST DEVELOPMENT

Possible stem and

progenitor cells of the
breast.
 THREE STEM CELLS
POPULATION
FIRST
involved in producing
EPIDERMAL STRUCTURE

GENERATES KERATINOCYTES.
SECOND THIRD THIS TYPE OF STEM CELL
POPULATION characterise
INTERFOLLICULAR EPIDERMIS

FORMS SEBACEOUS GLAND OF

REGENERATE HAIR SHAFT
EACH HAIR SHAFT ITSELF
 HAIR STEM CELL
The bulge appears to be an important niche that allows adult cells to
retain the quality of “stemness.” Follicle stem cells in the bulge can
regenerate all the epithelial cell types of the hair, and without the stem
cells, there is no new follicle.
bulge houses populations of at least two adult stem cell types:
the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), which gives rise to the
hair shaft and sheath and the melanocyte stem cells, which
give rise to the pigment of the skin and hair.
Human scalp hair can spend several years in
anagen, whereas arm hair grows for only 6–12
weeks in each cycle.
Hair is one structure that mammals
are able to regenerate. Throughout
life, hair follicles undergo cycles of
growth (anagen), regression
(catagen), rest (telogen), and
regrowth.
THANK YOU