‫‪Lecture 2‬‬

‫م‪.‬توجان الجغبير‬
 Design Methodology
• Design methodology refers to the study of
principles and procedures of design in a broad and
general sense. It is concerned with how design is
carried out. In doing so it analyzes how designers
work and how they think.
• The aim is to make rational decisions that adapt to
the prevailing values. This is achieved by looking at
rational methods of incorporating scientific
techniques and knowledge into the design process.
 Design Methodology
• The figure below show the methodology for
designing a component which must carry load.
• At the start there are two parallel streams:
materials selection and component design.
Stage 1
• At the start there are two parallel streams: materials
selection and component design.
• A tentative material is chosen and data for it are
assembled from data sheets from data books
(handbooks).
• At the same time, a tentative component design is
drawn up, able to fill the function (which must be
carefully defined at the start); and an approximate
stress analysis is carried out to assess the stresses,
moments, and stress concentrations to which it will
be subjected.
Stage 2
• The two streams merge in an assessment of the
material performance in the tentative design. If
the material can bear the loads, moments,
concentrated stresses (etc.) without deflecting
too much, collapsing or failing in some other
way, then the design can proceed.
• If the material cannot perform adequately, the
first iteration takes place: either a new material
is chosen, or the component design is changed
(or both) to overcome the failing.
Stage 3
• The next step is a detailed specification of the
design and of the material. This may require a
detailed stress analysis, analysis of the dynamics
of the system, its response to temperature and
environment, and a detailed consideration of
the appearance and feel (the aesthetics of the
product). And it will require better material
data: at this point it may be necessary to get
detailed material properties from possible
suppliers, or to conduct tests yourself.
Stage 4
• The design is viable only if it can be produced economically.
• The choice of production and fabrication method is largely
determined by the choice of material. But the production
route will also be influenced by the size of the production
run, and how the component will be finished and joined to
other components; each class of material has its own special
problems here.
• The choice of material and production route will, ultimately,
determine the price of the product, so a second major
iteration may be required if the costing shows the price to be
too high. Then a new choice of material or component
design, allowing an alternative production path, may have to
be considered.
Stage 5
• At this stage a prototype product is produced,
and its performance in the market is assessed.
If this is satisfactory, full-scale production is
established. But the designer's role does not
end at this point.
Stage 6 and 7
• Continuous analysis of the performance of a
component usually reveals weaknesses or
ways in which it could be improved or made
more cheaply. And there is always scope for
further innovation: for a radically new design,
or for a radical change in the material which
the component is made from. Successful
designs evolve continuously, and only in this
way does the product retain a competitive
position in the marketplace.
•Thank you