Introduction to

Information Technology
IT, History and Ethics
 Abstraction
When I wake up in the morning, I prepare myself for work, I go to work

Take a shower Dress up

Eat

Bus Tricycle
Jeep
 Abstraction
• Handle complexity from the user by hiding unnecessary
details/information
• Only show what’s needed
• “MAGIC”, “Basta”, “Math Machine”
 Information Technology
 Information - is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its
receiver (searchsqltarget.techtarget.com)
 Technology - the practical application of knowledge especially in
a particular area (Merriam-Webster)

 Information Technology - the technology involving the

development, maintenance, and use of computer systems,
software, and networks for the processing and distribution of
data (Merriam-Webster)
Information is processed data
Data Information
Raw Processed
Random Organized
Useless Understandable
Facts and Interpreted and
Figures Contextualized
Simple Complex
 Data vs Information
Data Information
01101000 01100101 01101100 01101100 0110111 hello
pet, ctc215, cs30, tth Class details:…
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,… The powers of 2
NN, BS, CS, 2012, 2016, SAMACO Pet’s College Details:…
 Information Technology

Information Technology: Computer and communication

technologies, such as communication links to the Internet, that
provide help and understanding to the end user.
 Disciplines related to IT
• Computer Engineering
• Computer Science
• Information Systems
• Software Engineering
 Forebears of the Modern Computer Age
Charles Babbage Ada Lovelace Alan Turing
Charles Babbage
• Father of
Computing/Computers
• Difference Engine: automatic
mechanical calculator
designed to tabulate
polynomial functions
• Analytical Engine: mechanical
general-purpose computer
Charles Babbage
Ada Lovelace
• First computer programmer
• Translated an article on Babbage's
Analytical Engine, and added her own
notes on the machine
• Published the first algorithm to
compute Bernoulli numbers
Alan Turing
• Father of Artificial Intelligence
and Computer Science
• Automatic Computing Engine
(ACE): among the first designs
for a stored-program all-
purpose computer
• Turing Machine: Model of an
Abstract Machine
• Bombe: Machine used to
decrypt German Enigma Codes
World War Two Applications
First and Second Generation Computers
Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (1946) Harwell CADET (1955)
Third and Fourth Generation Computers
IBM System/360 (1964) Micral (1973): first microprocessor PC
Apollo 11 Computer
 3rd Gen 5th Gen
1st Gen Integrated Circuit (IC) Artificial Intelligence
Vacuum Tubes A complete electronic circuit on a small Self-intelligence displayed by
Electronic tubes that were made of glass chip made of silicon (one of the most machines that function the same as a
and were about the size of lightbulbs abundant elements in the Earth’s crust) human mind

1940-56 1956-63 1964-71 1972-2010 2010+

2nd Gen 4th Gen
Transistors Microprocessor
Small devices that transfer electronic A specialized chip developed for
signals across a resistor, and were much computer memory and logic with
smaller, used less power and created less increased power
heat than vacuum tubes
Turing Test
Turing Test
Rules

• C will interact with both A and

B
• Natural Language
Conversations
• Speech is not included
• Confusion = Pass Test
 Ethics
• What are the benefits of technology?
• Information?
• Communication?
• Discoveries?
• Computations?
• Efficiency?
• Entertainment?
Information
Pros
All the knowledge in the palm of your hands…
Information
Pros Cons
Communication
Pros Cons
Computations
Pros Cons
Efficiency?

Pros Cons
Entertainment?
Pros Cons
 Four Ethical Issues of the Information
Age

• Privacy
• Accuracy
• Property
• Accessibility
Privacy
• What information about one's
self or one's associations
must a person reveal to
others, under what conditions
and with what safeguards?
• What things can people keep
to themselves and not be
forced to reveal to others?
Accuracy
• Who is responsible for the
authenticity, fidelity and
accuracy of information?
• Who is to be held
accountable for errors in
information and how is the
injured party to be made
whole?
Property
• Who owns information?
• What are the just and fair
prices for its exchange?
• Who owns the channels,
especially the airways,
through which information is
transmitted?
• How should access to this
scarce resource be allocated?
Accessibility
• What information does a
person or an organization
have a right or a privilege to
obtain, under what conditions
and with what safeguards?
 We have “everything” now, but at what cost?

• “The Fappening”, “Holy Grail”

• Elsa Gate

• The “Dark” Web

…like, the darkest, darkest sides of the Deep Web
So, what now?