BIOLOGICAL

SELF-HEALING
CONCRETE
BY:
SADESH BALAN A/L PUBALAN
SITI MAISARAH BINTI ABDUL RIZAL
NUR SYAKIRAH BINTI ABDULLAH
NUR FIKRIYAH HIDAYAH BINTI EKOSUKOHIDAYAT
SITI MAISARAH BINTI AHMAD FAUZI
 INTRODUCTION

MECHANISM
CONCLUSION
INVOLVED

OUTLINE
PROCESS
ADVANTAGES METHODS
AND INVOLVED
DISADVANTAGES

EFFECTS OF
BACTERIA IN
CONCRETE

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INTRODUCTION

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 CONCRETE

CEMENT
HOW CEMENT AND CONCRETE
• A mixture
paste.
of aggregates and

DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER

An ingredient of concrete • Aggregates are sand, crushed
stones, and gravel.

• Paste is water and cement.

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 CEMENT

CONCRETE

AGGREGATES

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CRACKS IN CONCRETE
• Concrete quality depends on the cracks formation.

• Relatively low tensile strength

• Steel reinforcements are been added to the concrete to withstand the tensile
loads

• Widening of cracks by penetration of aggressive liquids and gases into the

corrosion of the reinforcements causes the concrete to collapse totally.

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 SELF-HEALING IN CONCRETE
• A.M. Neville and N. Heam discovered tiny cracks could be healed by hydration.

• 1999, C. Edvardsen discovered calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 crystals as the healing

agent.

• Permissible crack width for self-healing is smaller than 50 mm.

• 50 mm < CRACK WIDTH < 150 mm , diminished self-healing mechanism

• CRACK WIDTH > 150 mm, vanished ability of self-healing due to the serious
damage to the matrix structure.

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 Autogenous Healing Healing in PMC
Intrinsic
Improved Autogenous
Healing
SPHERE SHAPED
CAPSULE

CLASSES OF
Vascular Based SELF-HEALING Capsule Based
CONCRETE

SINGLE CHANNEL

Biological CYLINDRICAL
SHAPED CAPSULE
MULTIPLE CHANNEL

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MECHANISM
INVOLVED
ACTIVE METABOLIC CONVERSION OF CALCIUM
LACTATE WITH THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA

PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE

ON THE SURFACE OF CONCRETE'S CRACKS

ADDITIONAL PRECIPITATION ON THE

SURFACE DUE TO REACTION BETWEEN
CARBON DIOXIDE AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

PREVENT OCCURENCE OF MICROCRACKS

& CONCRETE'S DEGRADATION
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PROCESS METHOD
INVOLVED
 Portland Cement

Cultivation of Bacillus Biological Self-healing

Pseudofirmus concrete

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 Cultivation of Bacillus Pseudofirmus

Alkaline mineral media Liquid Media

• 1 litre of MilliQ ultra-pure water 5g of Peptone
• 1 mL of trace element solution SL12B 3g of Meat extract
• 0.02g of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate 0.42g of Sodium Bicarbonate
(KH2PO4) (NaHCO3)
0.53g of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
• 4.2g of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
per litre of distilled water which has a
• 0.2g of Potassium Chloride (KCl), Magnesium 9.7 pH
Chloride Hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O) & Ammonium
Chloride (NH4Cl)
• 0.01g of Manganese (II) Sulfate Dihydrate The biological ageing culture is
(MnSO4.2H2O) Matrix capillary
constantly of concrete
washed throughis
• 0.1g of yeast extract 11-13 pH. The
centrifugation. The suspension
concrete is
• 0.225g of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) analyzedmatrix is alsoto
and stored oxic
be use as
• 5.16g of citric acid trisodium salt cement admixture.
• 5.3g of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) 13
 2. Mixing
1. Preparing Portland Cement
 aggregates which made up of sand, gravel and
contains limestone, silica and alumina
crushed stones
these material is burned in a rotary kiln at
clay particle consist of bacterial spores and
1450 oC
calcium lactate
After Gypsum is added, the clinker is grounded
in ball mills into fine cement Biological Self-
Healing
3. Placing & Compacting Concrete
4. Curing
it is operated simultaneously
the concrete is hydrated
placing is being done to avoid segregation of
a concrete’s strength derives form its moisture
mixtures
level
compacting helps to eliminate air bubbles
desired properties of concrete can be achieved

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EFFECTS OF
BACTERIA IN
CONCRETE

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 The bio-concrete will
showed better durability
and crack repairing
The bacteria will activate performance compared to
CaCO3 precipitation to conventional concrete
heal concrete cracks when
cracking occurs

INCREASE
CRACK
STRENGTH
HEALING
CONCRETE
IMPROVEMENT
IN CONCRETE
DURABILITY

The average service life

could be doubled by
introducing this self‐
healing technology.

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ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES

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 Twice the cost of
01 Pollution free & natural 01
conventional concrete

DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

Increase compression & Many factors that affect

02 02
flexural strength bacterial growth

Better resistance towards No code and standard

03 03
freeze-thaw attack available

Reduce corrosion of Volume of self-healing

04 04
reinforced concrete agents should not >20%

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CONCLUSION

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• Outshone the other process due to its natural and eco-

friendliness

• Strength and durability of concrete can be increased

• Does not only able to self-recuperate but also increase the

overall mechanical strength

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THANK YOU

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