HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT

CURRENT TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM
Why H.V.D.C ?
 Two Remote AC systems, with a
distance of normally 300 to 1400km (and
more), are coupled together via a DC line.
One converter station terminal is usually
located close to the power generation and
the other station in the load center.
Long Distance
Why Long Distance HVDC ?

- no reactive power loading of the

transmission line
- complete control of energy flow
- no contribution to short circuit power in
existing AC networks
- reduced losses
Economical Considerations
 The diagram shows that higher terminal
cost for an HVDC transmission system
have to be compared to the higher line
cost for an AC transmission line.
 For transmission distances above the
“break-even-distance”, an HVDC
transmission system represents the more
economical solution.
Transmission line and right of way:
 Overall Conclusion:
 HVDC transmission results in the better
return on investment
for transmission applications above the
break-even distance.
Basics of HVDC Transmissions
 Basic Principle
 HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current)
transmission systems connect two
separate high voltage AC Systems via a
DC link. The basic principle of operation of
an HVDC system is based on the
conversion of AC to DC and vice-versa by
means of converter valves comprising
power thyristors, which are the heart of a
converter station.
 Main data

 Rated power 1,500 MW

 DC voltage, nominal ±500 kV
 AC system voltage 400 kV
 Overload capacity, low ambient 1,650 MW
 Maximum continuous current 1,700 A
Layout Of HVDC Terminal Station
 The rectifying process of the supplied AC
voltage in the sending converter station,
as well as the inverting process of the DC
voltage in the receiving converter station,
causes harmonic current and a reactive
power exchange with the AC grid. These
effects can be reduced to acceptable limits
by installing filters and capacitor banks.
The picture shows a typical AC filter yard.
AC Filter
 AC filters

 Number of banks in Chandrapur 4x200

MVAr
 Number of banks in Padghe 4x200 MVAr
Capacitor Banks
 Capacitor banks:
 Single, double or triple tuned filters
comprise of one main capacitor bank for
compensation and the sections of filter
reactors, capacitors and resistors, which
are tuned to either one, two or three
different harmonics.
Smoothing Reactor
 Smoothing Reactor Function

Limits the rate of current rise, Limits dc

current ripple, Prevents of resonance’s
The shown smoothing reactor is installed
outdoor and operating under severe
atmospheric condition.
Converter transformer's main task
is to link the AC grid with the
converter valves.
 Converter Transformers

 Type Single-phase, 3-winding

 Rated power 300 MVA each
Valve Hall At Padghe
 Thyristor Valves

 Valve type Quadruple

 Cooling system Water
 Thyristor size 45 cm2
 Number of thyristors per valve 96
 Max. voltage per thyristor 7 kV
 Valve Cooling
 The thyristor valves are water cooled. Between
each thyristor a heat sink is inserted. The heat
sinks are connected in parallel in terms of water
flow. This ensures optimum cooling for all
thyristors at a common low temperature level.
The cooling water is deionized to ensure the low
conductivity. Natural saturation of the water with
oxygen provides a protective layer on the inside
of the heat sinks.
 DC Wall Bushing
 The DC wall bushing is the connecting
device between the DC yard (outdoor
equipment) and the valve hall (indoor
equipment). Due to the physical character
of DC voltage, the DC bushing design is
more sophisticated than the design of
bushings for AC applications
System components: Bipole
 The following basic
configurations are the most
commonly used:
1)Monopolar HVDC

2)Bipolar HVDC
Monopolar HVDC
- One HV line for DC current transmission
- Return path optionally via ground.
- Rating up to 1500 MW
Bipolar HVDC
- Two DC lines with +/- DC voltage level
for transmission
- Rating up to 3000 MW
Operating modes of the Bipolar
System
 If an outage occurs in one pole or one
line, there are several operating modes
that allow continued operation of the
healthy pole.
When designed, overload capabilities are
used, half of the converter equipment may
be shut down is out of order, but less than
half of the power rating is lost.
Normal bipolar operation:
Monopolar operation, ground
return
(in case of fault in one DC line):
Monopolar operation, metallic
return (in case of one converter
pole fault):
 Mimic board in the station
control room at Chandrapur
CONTROL ROOM
Thank You