PROBABILITY

(STATISTICS)

BY:
SAMA NOOR

RIMSHA MUSTAFA

EESHA FATIMA

KAINAT SHAUKAT
Probability:
Measure of how likely is it for something to
occur.

– E.g.
– Chances of getting an odd number on
rolling dice
– Chances of rain in a weather forecast
Important terms:
– When we do something we carry out an experiment and the
possible situation that occurs when I do something is an
outcome.
– SAMPLE SPACE: Set of all possible outcomes or results of that
experiment.
– EVENT: It is a subset of outcomes of an experiment we are
interested in to study.
– Sample point: Each element of a sample space is called
sample point.
Calculation:
–  
– It is ratio of desired outcomes to total
outcomes
– Probability=
– Question: what is the probability of getting an even number after rolling a
die?
 Scale of probability:
0 to 1

Humans will It will snow in Heads when It will snow It will get
develop wings The Sahara we toss a coin in Austria dark tonight
and start flying
Types of events:
– Simple events:
If an event has only one sample point in sample space it is
called simple event.
Example: The probability of tossing a head with a penny.
– Compound events:
If an event has more than one sample point in sample space
it is called compound event.
Example: The probability of drawing a red ace from a deck of cards.
Types of probability:

–1.   Theoretical probability:

The number of outcomes in a sample space are known and each outcome is
most likely to occur.
E.g. Theoretical probability of rolling a 3 on a fair die is 1/6.

2. Empirical/frequentist probability:
It is based on observation or actual measurements.
We conduct an experiment many, many times and then we say:
Probability of an event=
E.g. A die is rolled 100 times. The number 3 is rolled 12 times. So the relative
frequency of rolling 3 is 12/100.
3. Subjective/personal probability:
These are values assigned by individuals based
on how likely they think events are to occur
e.g.
You think you have a 50/50 chance of getting
the job you applied for, because the other
applicant is also very qualified.
Examples:
Colored balls in a bag
Probability of Playing Cards
 PROBLEMS:

What is the probability of getting a

black card?

What is the probability of getting

an ace?
Probability in Genes:
THANK YOU