Management function

Nursing management process

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 Is deciding in advance what to do, how to do a
particular task, when to do it, and who is to do it.

 Is predetermining a course of action in order to arrive

at a desired results. It is the continuous process of
assessing, establishing goals and objectives and
implementing and evaluating them, which is subject
to change as new facts are known

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 PLANNING:
PREDETERMINED
ACTION

WHAT TO DO: HOW TO DO IT: WHO IS TO DO IT:

-nursing activities -technique, principles -professional, non-
professional

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1. Always based and focused on the VMG & philosophy of the
organization.
2. It is a continuous process.
3. Should be spread within the entire organization covering the
various departments, services and the various levels of
management to provide maximal cooperation and harmony.
4. Utilizes all available resources.
5. Must be precise in its scope and nature.
6. Should be time bounded.
7. Must be documented for proper dissemination to all concerned

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 It leads to success in the achievements of goals and
objectives
 It provides meaning to work
 It provides for the effective use of available personnel and
facilities
 It helps nurses cope with crises and problems calmly and
efficiently
 It is cost effective
 It is based on past and future activities
 It reduces the element of change
 It is necessary for effective control

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 It should have a clearly worded objectives, including
results and methods for evaluation
 Be guided by policies and/or procedures affecting the
planned action
 Indicate priorities
 Develop actions that are flexible and realistic in terms of
available personnel, equipment, facilities and time
 Develop a logical sequence of activities
 Select the most practical methods for achieving each
objective

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 TYPES OF PLANNING:

1. STRATEGIC OR LONG-RANGE PLANNING

“what are the right things to do”
- usually extending 3 to 10 years into the future.
- focuses on VMG, Philosophy of the organization
-may be done once or twice a year
-may utilize the “SWOT Analysis”

2. OPERATIONAL OR SHORT-RANGE PLANNING

“how does one do things right”
- deals with day to day maintenance activities.

3. CONTINUOUS OR ROLLING PLANS

- similar to operating plans, involves mapping out the day-to-day activities.

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 TYPES OF PLANNING: (cont..)

MODES OF PLANNING:
 REACTIVE
 OCCURS AFTER A PROBLEM EXIST
 INACTIVISM
 Seeks status quo
 When change is inevitable, it occurs slowly &
incrementally

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TYPES OF PLANNING: (cont..)

 PREACTIVISM
 Future oriented
 Don not value experience
 Utilize technology to accelerate change
 INTERACTIVE OR PROACTIVE
 Consider the past, present, & future
 Plan for the future
 Dynamic and has adaptability

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1. Forecasting the future
2. Set Objectives/Goals and Determine Desired
Results
3. Develop and Schedule Strategies,
Programs/Projects/Activities; Set the Time
Frame
4. Prepare the Budget and Allocation of Resources
5. Establish Policies Procedures and Standards

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1. Forecast or Estimate the Future
 Forecasting is looking into the future
 Refers to estimation of time series, cross sectional or
longitudinal data
 In making forecast, 3 things should be considered:
 Agency
 Community affected
 Goals of care
 Forecast must be supported by facts, reasonable
estimates and accurate reflection of policies and
plans

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 GOALS
 broad statements of intent derived from the purposes of the
organization
 Is a desired aim or condition toward which one is willing to work
 It change with time & requires periodic reevaluation
 Usually have multiple objectives that each accompanied by target dates
 are long-term aims that you want to accomplish
 Global in Nature, AMBITIOUS BUT REALISTIC
 Individual goals- are personal goals; based on one’s desired in life
 Group goals- may refer also to organizational goals although on a smaller scale
 Organizational goals- management goals of an organization that are established
to justify its existence
 Short term goals and long term goals

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 To provide innovative, balanced, and relevant education for lifelong learning of
the global Filipino;
 To provide community outreach services through comprehensive general well-
being projects;
 To promote passion for continuous improvement by upgrading facilities,
strengthening research culture, intensifying partnership and linkages;
 To promote environmental concern and community awareness by maintaining a
sustainable and environment-friendly institution and implementing activities
that help nurture the environment; and
 To achieve organizational efficiency and financial stability through competent
management and governance.

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 Similar to goals
 Motivate people to a specific end
 More specific and measurable
 Identify HOW & WHEN the goal is to be
accomplished
 SMARTER – Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant, Time-bounded, Exciting, Recorded

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 The mission statement outlines the agency’s reason for
existing ( whether hospital or health care), who the target
clients are ( the poor, the needy, the middle or upper class), and
what services will be provided ( in-patient, out-patient,
emergency).
- reason for the existence of the organization (Nursing
service exist to promote and maintain health)
Davao Doctors College is committed to produce highly competent
graduates imbued with the core values of excellence, service, integrity,
empowerment and commitment.

We shall provide a nurturing environment that supports quality

instruction, research and community service through effective
leadership, governance and professionalism.

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 Use to describe future goals of the organization
 “without a vision, any road, even one filled with potholes,
will take you there” Simpson, 2005
 “The organization will never be greater than the VISION that
guides it”
Davao Doctors College is a premier non-
sectarian academic institution that provides
quality health and wellness education in
Mindanao and the East ASEAN Growth Area.

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 Flows from the Mission Statement & delineates the set of
values & beliefs that guide all action of the organization

 Philosophy is the sense of purpose of the organization and

the reason behind its structure and goals.
 Philosophy states the beliefs that influence nursing
practice and beliefs about health care.
 Must be translated into specific goals and objective

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POLICIES

Policies in general, they are guidelines to help in

the safe and efficient achievement of
organizational objectives

PROCEDURES

Procedures are specific directions form

implementing written policies

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Strategy is the techniques, methods, or
procedure by which the overall plan of the
higher management achieve desired objectives.

Programs are activities put together to facilitate

attainment of some desired goals.

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 isa technique for allocation of one’s time
through the setting of goals, assigning
priorities, identifying and eliminating time
wastes and use of managerial techniques to
reach goal s efficiently

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1) Planning for contingencies-
 planning anticipates the problem that will arise from
actions without thought
2) Listing of task
 task to be accomplished should be done in sequence
which are prioritized according to importance
3) Inventory
4) Sequencing
5) Setting and keeping deadlines- and adhering to
deadline is an excellent exercise in self discipline
6) Deciding on how time will be spent

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1. Conduct an inventory of your activities.
2. Set goals and objectives and write them down.
3. With the use of calendars, executive planners, logs or journals, write
what you expect to accomplish yearly, monthly, weekly or daily.
4. Break down large projects into smaller parts.
5. Devote a few minutes at the beginning of each day for planning.
6. Organize your work space so it is functional.
7. Close your door when you need to concentrate.
8. Learn to delegate.
9. In a meeting, define the purpose clearly before starting.
10. Take or return phone calls during specified time.
11. Develop effective decision-making skills.
12. Take rest breaks and make good use of your spare time.

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Trying to get more things done in less
time

Examples: answering phone calls while driving,

sending e-mails while in the meeting

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 Programs are predetermined, developed and targeted
within a time frame to reach the set goals and objectives.

 The Planning Formula

1. WHAT
2. WHEN
3. WHERE
4. HOW
5. WHO
6. WHY
7. CAN

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1. A budget is the annual operating plan, a financial
“road map” and plan which serves as an estimate
for future costs and a plan for utilization of
manpower, material and other resources to cover
capital projects in the operating programs.
2. A nursing budget is a plan for allocation of
resources based on preconceived needs for a
proposed series of programs to deliver patient care
during one fiscal year.
3. A hospital budget is a financial plan to meet future
service expectations.

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 Type of patient, length of stay in the hospital and
acuteness of illness
 Size of hospital and bed occupancy
 Physical lay out of the hospital, size and plan of the
wards, units, nurse’s station, treatment rooms, etc
 Personnel policies
 Salaries paid to various type of nursing personnel including OT
pay or shift differential
 Extent of VL, SL, holidays
 Provision for staff development programs
 Grouping of patients such as those in specialized
areas
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 Standards of nursing care:
 kind and amount of care to be given as it affects the
number of hours of bedside care
 The method of performing nursing care
 whether simple or complex; the method of
documentation
 Proportion of nursing care provided
 by the professional nurses and those given by non-
professionals
 Amount and quality of supervision available and
provided;
 the efficiency of job description and job classification
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 Method of patient assignment
 whether functional, case, team or primary
 Amount and kind of labor
 saving devices and equipments
 Amount of centralized service provided:
 sterile supply , central o2 supply, linen supply
 Nursing service requirements of the ancillary
departments:
 clinics, admitting office, ER
 Reports required by administration
 whether simple or complex
 Affiliation of nursing students or medical students
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 Standard-
 a practice that enjoys general recognition and conformity among
professionals or an authoritative statement by which quality of
practice or education can be judged
 Nursing Care Standard
 a descriptive statement desired quality against which to
evaluate nursing care

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 Nursing Standards (cont..)
 Purpose of nursing standards
 Improved quality of care
 Decrease the cost of nursing care
 Determine nursing negligence
 Sources of nursing standards
 DOH, BON, Professional Organization, Nursing Programs

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 Policies
 in general are guidelines to help in safe and efficient achievement of
organizational objectives
 There are 3 general areas in nursing which requires policy
formulation. These are:
 Areas in which confusion about the venue of responsibility might
result in neglect or malperformance of an act necessary to a patient’s
welfare
 Areas pertaining to the protection of patients’ and families’ rights as
right to privacy and right to property
 Areas involving matters of personnel management and welfare

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 Nursing procedures
 Procedures are specific directions for implementing
written policies

 Procedures are more specific guide to action than

policy

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