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Chapter 2 WCDMA RAN Optimization - Accessibility v2
Chapter 2 WCDMA RAN Optimization - Accessibility v2
Accessibility
Accessibility
Random Access
NAS procedures:
Service Request
Authentication
Security
RAB Assignment
Other Modules
Recommendatio
Performance Performance Verification of
n&
Measurements Analysis changes
Implementation
pmTotNoRrcConnectCsSucc
pmTotNoRrcConnectPsSucc
pmNoRabEstablishAttempt<RAB>
pmNoRabEstablishSuccess<RAB>
pmNoPageDiscardCmpLoadC
pmNoPagingAttemptUtranRejected
CS Accessibility
cells
• UE may perform cell re-selection during RRC Connection
pmTotNoRab EstablishSuccessAmrNb
100
pmTotNoRab EstablishAttemptAmrNb
pmTotNoRab EstablishSuccessAmrNb
100
pmTotNoRab EstablishSuccessSpeech
Performance Analysis
Paging procedure
PLMN Selection
Cell Selection/Reselection
Registration
area changes
Location
registration
t3212 t3212
CELL_DCH state
CELL_FACH state
The UE is known on cell level in the RNC and need to send Cell
Update messages to RNC every time it selects a new cell. In this
state the UE need to decode system information, which is mapped
on FACH.
CELL_PCH state
URA_PCH
URA Update is also initiated when the UE enters a cell that has
no URAs defined. This will trigger a release of the RRC
Connection and the UE enters Idle mode.
The success rate of the URA update can be found with the following
formula:
pmNoUraUpdSuccess
100
pmNoUraUpdAttempt
UE in Idle Mode
If the operator wants to check the paging success rate, this should be
done on MSC level.
NPAG1RESUC C NPAG2RESUC C
100
NPAG1GLTOT NPAG1LOTOT
Paging intensity per cell in a RNC (if RNC, LA and RA consist of exact
same cells):
• Paging Reject%
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGATTEMPTUTRANREJECTED / PMNOPAGINGTYPE1ATTEMPT
• Anlamı: Yüksek sayıda Paging yada Paging kuyruğunda yer bulunamaması
nedeniyle yaşanan Paging Reject’lerin toplam Paging type 1’lere yüzdesi. CCP-SP
Overload nedenlerden biridir
• #OF_REJECTED_PAGING_ATTEMPT: PMNOPAGINGATTEMPTUTRANREJECTED
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGATTEMPTUTRANREJECTED / PMNOPAGINGTYPE1ATTEMPT
• Anlamı: Yüksek sayıda Paging yada Paging kuyruğunda yer bulunamaması
nedeniyle yaşanan Paging Reject’ler. CCP-SP Overload nedenlerden biridir
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure413 - Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
Paging Statistics
• #OF_TYPE1_PAGING_ATTEMPT
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGTYPE1ATTEMPT
• Anlamı: Yapılan Paging Type 1 sayısı
• #OF_CN_INITIATED_PAGES_(TYPE2)
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGATTEMPTCNINITDCCH
• Anlamı: Yapılan Paging Type 2 sayısı
• #OF_TYPE1_PAGATMPT_TERM_CSCALL
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGTYPE1ATTEMPTCS
• Anlamı: Yapılan CS Termininating Paging Type 1 sayısı
• #OF_TYPE1_PAGATMPT_TERM_PSCALL
• Formül: PMNOPAGINGTYPE1ATTEMPTPS
• Anlamı: Yapılan PS Terminating Paging Type 1 sayısı
• Paging Disc MP %
• Anlamı: MP Load Dolayısıyla Reject edilen çağrıların toplama oranı
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure443 - Service Accessibility
System Information TURKCELL DAHİLİ
General process
The RNC has correctly received the request over the Random
Access Channel (RACH).
establishment
REMEMBER:
1. AICH is not continuously broadcast in the cell.
UE sends preambles
sequences
No response is sent
and/or received by Negative AICH is sent
UE over AICH
(Cell) pmNegativeMessages +
(Cell) pmFaultyTransportBlocks +
UE receives positive
AICH
(Cell) pmFaultyTransportBlocks +
UE sends message
“RRC Connection Request”
(Cell) pmTotNoRrcConnectReq +
(Cell) pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs +
(Cell) pmNoRecRandomAccSuccess +
(Cell) pmTransportBlocks +
If the RACH is not used UTRAN transmits the AICH to the UE.
BLER-Measured
Inner loop
SIR-Target
Downlink TPC modified
Uplink
TPC Uplink SIR-Target
Downlink Uplink SIR error
Downlink SIR target
outer loop
RNC
BLER-Measured Open loop
SIR-Target Starting power
modified
RBS
UE 2
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure633 - Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
Downlink Open Loop Power Control
wer
po
ted
ula
alc 1) Uses
c
s at parameters to
it calculate
UE 1 m
ans required power
) Tr
2
3) The power is ramped
up until a response is Minimum downlink
heard or until a certain power used to setup a
maximum power is connection thus
reached maximizing downlink
capacity
UE 2 RBS
powerOffsetPO powerOffsetPpM
2
nd
Preamble
UE
1st
P_PRACH Control Part
Preamble
AICH AICH
powerOffsetPO = 1 to 8 dB default = 3 dB
powerOffsetPpM = -5 to 10 dB default = -4dB
preambleRetransMax = 1 … 64 default = 8
RBS
maxPreambleCycle = 1…32 default = 4
Criteria to be fulfilled:
powerOffsetP0 x preambleRetransMax + constantValueCprach >= predefined preamble threshold
and
• AICH Negative %:
• Formül: PMNEGATIVEMESSAGES / (PMNEGATIVEMESSAGES+PMPOSITIVEMESSAGES)
• Anlamı: Negatif AICH’lerin toplam AICH’lere oranı. RACH Kapasite problemi olabilir
• False RACH:
• Formül: PMNOPREAMBLEFALSEDETECTION
• Anlamı: The number of false detections owing to noise on RACH.
•False RACH %:
• Formül: PMNOPREAMBLEFALSEDETECTION /
(PMPOSITIVEMESSAGES+PMNEGATIVEMESSAGES)
• Anlamı: The number of false detections owing to noise on RACH
•AICH Negative #
• Formül: PMNEGATIVEMESSAGES
• Anlamı: The number of negative Acquisition Indicator (AI) messages sent on the
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
•AICH Positive #
• Formül: PMPOSITIVEMESSAGES
• Anlamı: The number of positive Acquisition Indicator (AI) messages sent on the
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
pmPositioningReqSuccEsAgps
100%
pmPositioningReqAttEsAgps
ecCnSbhoRequestIgnore = TRUE,
ecLocationAttemptUmts = Yes.
pmRabEstablishEcSuccess
100%
pmRabEstablishEcAttempt
pmNoRejRrcConnMpLoad C
100%
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq - pmNoLoadSh aringRrcCo nn
Admission
limit
Cell Load
RBS
UL ASE, DL ASE,
DL TX cell power, spreading factor usage,
code usage, Hw usage,
amount of HS users, congestion
number of users in compressed mode.
NO NO
YES, then YES, then
block Requested + estimated code Requested + estimated # HS block
usage > DlCodeAdm users > hsdpaUsersAdm
NO NO YES, then
YES, then Sf = 8 block
block Requested DL SF + est. Dl Req. + est. # Eul users in serving
SF > SfXAdm, sf =16 cell> eulServingCellUsersAdm
sf = 32
NO NO
Requested ASE dl + est. ASE Requested + estimated # Eul users
dl > AseDlAdm in non serving cell > YES, then
YES, then
eulNonServingCellUsersAdm block
block NO
NO
Requested ASE Ul + est. Requested DL pwr + YES, then
YES, then ASE Ul > AseUlAdm estimated pwr > pwrAdm block
NO
block
•intPrio
•pci
•pvi
‘RAB Assignment
Request’ message
0 to 15 ecCnPriorityLevel
Default= 7
RNC CN
Number of times congestion control is triggered due to high DL power for a cell:
pmSumOfTimesMeasOlDl
Number of times congestion control is triggered due to high UL interference for a cell:
pmSumOfTimesMeasOlUl
The total amount of time (sec) was congested in DL during a reporting period for a cell:
pmTotalTimeDlCellCong
The total amount of time (sec) was congested in UL during a reporting period for a cell:
pmTotalTimeUlCellCong
Control
pmTransmittedCarrierPower
i 0
i
pmAverageRssi
i 0
i 0.5 i 110.5
(RSSI)
TEMS
Investigation
with high
UTRA Carrier
RSSI
Admission Policy
The parameters,
ulHwAdm, dlHwAdm,
beMarginUlHw and
beMargindlHw, are
related to the RBS HW
check and are used by
Admission Control to
decide which admission
requests to admit or
reject
(non-guaranteed, non-handover),
(guaranteed, non-handover).
(non-guaranteed, non-handover),
(guaranteed, non-handover).
Time
control on RBS
The parameters, hsdpaUsersAdm , beMarginUlHw and beMargindlHw,
are related to the RBS HW check and are used by Admission Control to
decide which admission requests to admit or reject
The Problem:
Problem
control on RBS
The parameters, hsdpaUsersAdm , beMarginUlHw and beMargindlHw,
are related to the RBS HW check and are used by Admission Control to
decide which admission requests to admit or reject
The Solution:
Solution It is beneficial to limit the number of users
that can be allocated to the HS-DSCH in a cell.
control on RBS
The parameters, hsdpaUsersAdm , beMarginUlHw and beMargindlHw,
are related to the RBS HW check and are used by Admission Control to
decide which admission requests to admit or reject
HS-DSCH
Blocked Cell
Admitted Change
maxNumHsdpaUsers
Blocked 0-64
Default= 16
Admitted
hsdpaUsersAdm
pmNoOfNonHoReqDeniedHs 0-1000
Admission Control blocks new radio link admission Default= 10
requests which involve the allocation to HS-
PDSCH/HS-SCCH when the number of users assigned
to the HS-DSCH in the cell exceeds hsdpaUsersAdm Time
pmNoNonServingCellReq
DeniedEul
0-100 is stepped at admission
Default= 4 reject when requesting
the cell as non-serving
eulServingCellUsersAdm cell due to the number of
+ Resource E-DCH users is above
the admission threshold.
Serving Non-serving
(guaranteed, non-handover)
(non-guaranteed, handover)
When:
maximumTransmissionPower maxDlPowerCapability,
Congestion resolution:
Non-guaranteed, non-handover:
Non-guaranteed, handover:
Guaranteed, non-handover:
pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptLackDlPwr
is overloaded Conditionally
Blocked Max
+ Resource (100%)
The operator can
limit the total
pwrAdm maximum power
0-100% that is allowed to
Resources
freed by RN Default= 75% be transmitted by
Soft an RBS in a cell
Congestion by setting
Non-HS Tx Carrier maximumTransm
Power issionPower
Time
ASE Algorithm
Example:
ASE Estimation
Attention: The number of uplink radio link per cell ASE is divided by the
number of radio links within the RNC.
Reason: Average uplink interference (created by a UE in the respective cell)
is proportional to the number of cells to which it is connected. I.e. A
UE is connected to two cells it only requires approximately half the
Ec/No compared to using one cell.
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure131
3- Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
ASE Estimation
ASE Estimation
General formula to estimate ASE:
ASE for a radio link is the sum of the ASE of all DCHs associated to a certain radio
connection type.
Example: AMR 12.2 radio connection type consists of both the speech radio bearer
(ASE = 1) and the signaling radio bearer (ASE = 0.61)
ASEAMR = 1 + 0.61
Counter Description
pmSumOfSampAseUl Total ASE UL, that is sum of all sample values recorded
pmSumOfSampAseDl Total ASE DL, that is sum of all sample values recorded
pmNoOfSampAseUl Number of samples of ASE UL increased at every
occasion when the corresponding Sum counter is
increased, sampled every 30 seconds
pmNoOfSampAseDl Number of samples of ASE DL increased at every
occasion when the corresponding Sum counter is
increased, sampled every 30s
pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptLackUlAse Number of failed RAB establishment attempts due to
lack of UL ASE
pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptLackDlAse Number of failed RAB establishment attempts due to
lack of DL ASE
modifications.
Conditionally Therefore, the
Blocked parameters,
aseUlAdm and
aseDlAdm are
controlling the
aseUlAdm overload in up and
down link.
0-500
Resources freed
Default= 160
by RN Soft
Congestion
Time
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure136
3- Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
Spreading Factor
Admission Policy
Admission
Control controls
the spreading
Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked
factor usage in
0-32 the downlink
Default= 32 and up link at
0-16 0-16 cell level. The
Default= 16 sf32Adm Default= 16 following
0-8 parameters can
Default= 8 + Resource
sf16Adm sf16gAdm be adjusted to
+ Resource control the up
+ Resource
sf8Adm link: sf4AdmUl;
+ Resource
sf8AdmUl;
sf16AdmUl;
sf8gAdmUl
8 16 32 16
Spreading Factor pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptExceedConnLimit
pmCmAttUlHls,
pmCmSuccUlHls
pmCmAttDlHls
pmCmSuccDlHls
compModeAdm
+ Resource
0-128
Default= 15
WCDMA f1
WCDMA f2 pmSumCompMode
pmSamplesCompMode
Conditionally
Blocked + Resource number of HS-PDSCH
codes allocated in a
cell for HSDPA by
tuning
dlCodeAdm numHsPdschCodes.
Admitted
Resources freed by 0-100%
RN Soft Default= 80%
Congestion
+ Resource
pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptLackDlChnlCode
Time
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure143
3- Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
RRC Connection – Admission
control - counters
pmNoFailedRabEstAttemptLackDlChnlCode
pmSumCompMode
pmSamplesCompMode
ifCong
ifHyst ifHyst
Congestion
Resolved
0 to 6000
[0 to 60000 ms]
Default= 6000 [60000 msec]
(1 minute)
Time
Max (100%)
Congestion Detected
0 to 100%
Non-HS Tx Carrier Power Default= 5%
pwrOffset
pwrHyst pwrHyst
Congestion
Resolved
0 to 6000
[0 to 60000 ms] pwrAdm
Default=
Default=6000
300 [60000
[3000 msec]
msec]
(3 seconds) 0-100%
Default= 75%
Time
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure146
3- Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
HSDPA Cell Congestion Detection
Congestion
Downlink Tx Carrier Power [%]
Detected
Max (100%)
maxPowerOverloadHystTime Congestion
Resolved
0 to 50 seconds
Default= 10 seconds
Time
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A 3 --
Figure147 Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
Congestion Control Detection
Counters
The following methods are used to detect cell congestion:
Number of times congestion control is triggered due to high DL power for a cell:
pmSumOfTimesMeasOlDl
Number of times congestion control is triggered due to high UL interference for a cell:
pmSumOfTimesMeasOlUl
The total amount of time (s) was congested in DL during a reporting period for a cell:
pmTotalTimeDlCellCong
The total amount of time (s) was congested in UL during a reporting period for a cell:
pmTotalTimeUlCellCong
UE RBS RNC
Power control,
Radio link setup
admission control, etc.
Radio Link Setup Request
Resource allocation
UE RBS RNC
Start Tx
L1 synch.
Radio Link Restore Indication
RBS calculates link characteristic parameters from the received uplink and
downlink Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS) and Transport
Format Set (TFS) information.
RBS responds to the RNC that the necessary resources are allocated for the
radio link (binding identifier and transport layer address for AAL2
connection)
The transport bearer (AAL2 connection) needed for signaling is set up over
Iub by the RNC.
The Radio Link Set Supervision algorithm in the RBS starts evaluating the
synchronization status of the RLS and also the RCS algorithm in the RNC
is started.
© Ericsson AB 2008 03_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev
. A Figure153
3- Service Accessibility
TURKCELL DAHİLİ
Radio Link Setup counter flow
AAL2 Setup
AAL2
(Cell) pmNoFailedAfterAdm + failure
OK
RNC sends the message
(Cell) pmTotNoUtranRejRrcConnReq + RRC Connection Setup
Yes Redirection of
Call Yes
Redirected to Emergency
Calls?
GSM No Restore Indication
No received from RBS
(Cell)pmNoCellDchDisconnectAbnorm +
Yes
RRC Conn. Setup Failure.
UE goes back to idle state (Cell)pmNoFailedAfterAdm +
(Cell) pmTotNoRrcConnectReqSuccess +
(Cell) pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCsSuc +
2. RNC does not receive any response from RBS and the
timer expires.
There are several counters that has to be taken into account when
analyzing the L1 synchronization problems.
Unbalance
Should be increased
Random Access
NAS procedures:
Service Request
Authentication Security
RAB Assignment
CM Service reject
with cause:
Network failure
Signaling Connection
REQUEST’ is SRB
Cell_DCH DPDCH/DPCCH
received from the Non Access Stratum call setup
CN The SRNC RAB assignment
determines the new Setup new Radio Bearer
request
id= Interactive
1
RC configuration UE State
FACH/DCH
3 New Signaling Connection
and also check the Cell_FACH
User plane Radio Bearer Existing AAL5 Iu
or
UE capabilities. Cell_DCH RACH/DCH
bearer is used
2
Data Buffers
• ‘Traffic Class’,
7 No Yes Interactive PS - N
7 No Yes Background PS - N
‘RAB Assignment
Request’ message
0 to 15 ecCnPriorityLevel
RNC Default= 7 CN
© Ericsson AB 2007 LZU 108 6911 R1A Figure 4-7 P6 Radio Network Features
• Paging Disc MP %
• Anlamı: MP Load Dolayısıyla Reject edilen çağrıların toplama oranı