Implicit Differentiation

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Determine the gradient of xy + y  4x =  2
at the point (5 , 3).

Explicit Differentiation

y ( x  1)  4 x  2 dy 4( x  1)  (4 x  2)1

4x  2 dx ( x  1) 2

y x 5
x 1 dy 24  18

Explicitly Defined dx y 3 36
(y isolated and all other
terms on the other side 1
without any y’s) 
6
Determine the gradient of xy + y  4x =  2
at the point (5 , 3).
Implicit Differentiation
d Before we begin we need to be able to
y?
dx find the derivative of y with respect to x
d d dy
y ( y) 
dx dy dx By Chain Rule
dy

dx d 3 d 3 dy
(y )  (y )
dx dy dx Another
Example
dy
 3y 
2

dx
Determine the gradient of xy + y  4x =  2
at the point (5 , 3).
Implicit Differentiation
Differentiate with respect to x.

d d d d
( xy )  y  (4 x)  (2)
dx dx dx dx
d d dy
( x)( y )  ( x) ( y )   4  0
dx dx dx
By Product Rule
Determine
d the gradient y  4x =  2
d of xy +dy
( x )( y )  ( x ) ( y)  40
at
dxthe point (5 , 3). dx dx
Implicit Differentiation
Differentiate with respect to x.
dy dy
1( y )  x   4  0
dx dx
dy 4  y

dx x  1
x 5
dy 1
 Same Result as before 
dx y 3 6
If x2 + y2 = 36 find dy/dx when x=2.
when x  2, y   32
Differentiate implicitly with respect to x.
dy
2x  2 y 0
dx
dy x

dx y
x 2 x 2
dy 2 1 dy 2 1
   
dx y  32 2 8 8 dx y   32 2 8 8
Top Point Bottom Point
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the
curve x 2  xy  y 2  7 at (1, 2) .

We need the gradient. Since we can’t solve for y, we use

dy
implicit differentiation to solve for .
dx
x 2  xy  y 2  7 dy
Using the product rule. y  2x

 dy  dy dx 2 y  x
2x   x  y  2 y 0
 dx  dx
dy dy 2  2(1) 22 4
2x  x  y  2 y 0 m  
dx dx 2  2  ( 1) 4  1 5
dy
 2 y  x  y  2x
dx
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the
curve x 2  xy  y 2  7 at (1, 2) .

4 5
m tangent: m normal:
5 4
4 5
y  2   x  1 y  2    x  1
5 4

4 4 5 5
y2 x y2  x
5 5 4 4

4 14 5 3
y  x y  x
5 5 4 4
 Implicit Differentiation and
Higher Order Derivatives
d2y
Find 2 if 2 x 3
 3 y 2
7 .
dx
y  2 x  x 2
y
2x  3y  7
3 2
y 
y2

6 x  6 y y  0
2 2x x 2
y   2 y
y y Substitute y
6 y y  6 x 2
2x x 2 x 2 back into the
6 x 2 y   2  equation.
y  y y y
6 y
4
2 d 2 y 2x x
y 
x y2   3
y dx y y