SWINE

PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURE LICENSURE EXAMINATION REVIEW
Top pig producing
region in the
Philippines
A. 3 C. 6
B. 4 D. 9
 SWINE
512,640 - I

IV – 2,266,010
II – 539,070
CAR – 206,150
III – 1,893,580
IVA - 1,794,470
POPULATION
IVB – 471,540 V – 776,160

1,478,500 - VI VIII – 988,990

PER REGION VII – 971,210

809,070 - IX
CARAGA – 397,970
X – 798,020
XI – 937,640
ARMM 272,480 XII – 849,140
Top hog producing
province in the
Philippines
A. Batangas C. Iloilo

B. Bulacan D. Cebu
 TOP PRODUCING PROVINCE PER REGION
R1- PANGASINAN R2 - CAGAYAN
CAR – ABRA
R3 – BULACAN=1,246,480
R4A – BATANGAS = 718,560
R4B - PALAWAN R5 – CAMARINES SUR

R6 – ILOILO=516,360 R8 - LEYTE

R7 – CEBU=423,950
CARAGA – SURIGAO DEL SUR
R9 –ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR R10 - BUKIDNON
R11 –DAVAO DEL SUR
ARMM - MAGUINDANAO R12 – SOUTH COTABATO
General Information  

Type of sow herd operation

which makes use of intensive
selection criteria to produce
replacement gilts and junior
boars
A. Farrow to C. Farrow to finish
breeder
B. Grower D. Farrow to feeder
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
 Growing-finishing
 Sow Herd
 Farrow to weanling
 Farrow to finish
 Farrow to breeder
 Boar for Hire (Boar stud)
 Growing - Finishing

WEANLING PIG – 10-15 KG SLAUGHTER PIG – 80-85 KG

The daily feed intake of a
four month old pig (kg)

A. 3.0 C. 1.5
B. 2.0 D. 0.5
Growing Finishing Daily feed
pigs intake (kg)
1 month 0.10 - 0.15
2 months 0.75 – 1.00
3 months 1.25 – 1.50
4 months 1.50 - 1.75
5 months 1.75 – 2.00
6 months 2.00 – 2.25
Water requirement
for a growing pig
(liters)

A. 7 C. 21
B. 14 D. 28
 Daily H2O Requirement of Pig

Body Weight (kg) Liter/Day Intake

14 2.3
14-32 2.7
32-57 7.7
57-100 9.0-11.4
Pregnant sows 13.6-16.8
Lactating sows 18.2-22.7
Floor space
requirement of a 25
kg pig (m ) in slatted
2

flooring
A. 0.27 C. 0.54
B. 0.36 D. 0.72
 Age Weight Floor Type of
(kg) space Floor
(m2)
2 months 11.5 - 18.0 0.27 Slatted
old
3 months 18.0 – 39.0 0.36 Slatted
old
4 months 39.1 – 55.1 0.54 Solid
old
5 months 55.1 – 76.3 0.81 Solid
old
6 months 76.3 - 95.5 1.08 Solid
old
 If a 15 kg feeder stock
consume 175 kg of feed
Solution:
FCR = Total Amount of Feed Consumed
to reach 85 kg.
Gain in Weight What is
the feed conversion ratio
FCR = 175/ 85-15
(FCR) of the animal?
FCR = 175/70
A. 2.0 C. 3.0
FCR= 2.50
B. 2.5 D. 3.5
Solution:
If the animal has a feed
FCR = Total Amount of Feed Consumed
conversion ratio of 2.0,
Gain in Weight
how much feed is needed
2.0 = ???/ 100 - 10
for a 10 kg pig to reach 100
kg.2.0 = ???/90
2.0 x 90 = Total amount of feed
A. consumed
225 kg C. 200 kg
B. 180
Total kg
amount of feed D. 210 =kg
consumed 180 kg
 If the average daily gain
Solution:
ADG= Final wt. – initial
(ADG) of the animal is 500wt.
days on test
g. How long will it take a
15500
kgg pig
or 0.5to
kg reach
= 85 kg –85 kg.
15 kg
???
??? = 70/.5

Days to Reach= 140 days

A. 175 C. 350
B. 140 D. 240
AVERAGE DAILY GAIN (ADG)

2010 – 0.543

0.419 – 0.619
ADJUSTED 180-DAY WEIGHT, (KG)

2010 – 97.76

75.50 – 111.39
ADJUSTED 90-KG AGE, (DAYS)

2010 – 167.09

145.43 – 214.56
SOW HERD

REPRO
CYCLE
Farrow to
WEANLING/
FEEDER
Farrow to
FINISH

Farrow to
BREEDER
BOAR BOAR
for STUD
HIRE
REPRODUCTIVE
PARAMETERS
 Refers to one of the piglets in
a litter in relation to the other
pigs belonging to one
gestation

A. Litter size C. Litter mate

B. Litter D. Litter weight
interval
General Information  

Acceptable average
litter size at birth
A. 24 C. 9
B. 16 D. 6
 LITTER SIZE
 Defined: Refers to the
number of pigs farrowed or
weaned from one gestation
 Litter size at birth
 Litter size born alive
 Litter size at weaning
 10.13
Litter size at Birth 2009; 10.13
NUMBER

9.93
2007; 9.71

9.9
9.81

6.78 – 12.09
2006; 9.78
2005; 9.76
 Litter size Born Alive 2009; 9.36
NUMBER

2010; 9.37
9.23 9.24 2008; 9.26
2006; 9.14
2005; 9.082007; 9.05

6.61 – 10.70
 Litter Size at Weaning
NUMBER

2009; 8.48
2010; 8.43

8.45 2008; 8.47

8.35
2005; 8.19
8.20
8.07
4.70 – 10.14
 Parameter affecting
litter size at weaning

A. Ovulation C. Farrowing
rate rate
B. Conception D. Weaning to
rate conception
interval
 Litter Ovulation Rate
size at
Fertilization
Birth
Embryonic Mortality

STILLBORN

Litter Litter Size

size at
Born Weaning
Alive PreWeaning Mortality
Percent Still Birth and Mummified Pig
Defined - Mummified
 Remains of fetal tissues after the maternal
uterus has removed bodily fluids leaving
only the non-absorbable component of the
fetuses, including the partially calcified
skeleton.
 Created when death occur after the onset
of skeletal calcification, approximately 30 -
40 days of gestation
 PERCENT
MUMMIFIED
PERCENT

2009; 2.45

2.19 2005; 2.18 2007; 2.3 2010; 2.35

0.0 – 9.68 2008; 1.96

2006; 2.09

1.85
Stillborn
 Death that occurred during the
birth process.
 Stillborn may be classified into
two major group, prepartum
and intrapartum death.
 PERCENT STILLBIRTH
PERCENT

2010; 5.01
2009; 4.99

4.64 2005; 4.63

2006; 4.28 4.40

2008; 4.35
2003; 3.98

0.16 – 19.22
PREWEANING MORTALITY
- death losses occurring
before weaning can either
be endemic or epidemic in
nature.
 PERCENT PREWEANING MORTALITY
PERCENT

2009; 10.02

2006; 11.57
9.63 2010; 10.19
2005; 9.66
9.38
2003; 8.37 2008; 8.59

2.28 – 50.53
 Refers to the intervening
period from the end of the
suckling period to the start of
the next pregnancy.
A. Farrowing C. Weaning to
index conception
interval
B. Litter interval D. Farrowing interval
General Information  

Acceptable farrowing
interval (days), EXCEPT

A. 142 C. 160
B. 153 D. 175
 Farrowing Interval
 Defined: refers to the period from
the birth of one litter to the birth of
the succeeding litter.
 Also known as Litter Interval
 Components
 Pregnancy Period
Lactation Period
Weaning to Conception Interval
 Farrowing Interval

Pregnancy Weaning to Lactation

Period Conception Length
Interval

Infertility Weaning to Estrus

Interval
 LACTATION PERIOD
2009; 28.83

2007; 27.9
DAYS

28.8 28.66 2010;

28.4 28.49
2008; 27.7
2006; 27.94

20.98 – 38.26
 GESTATION PERIOD
2006; 114.85

114.76
DAYS

2010; 114.56
2009; 114.48
2007; 114.99

114.68114.73 2008; 114.73

112.74 – 119.72
Defined – WEANING TO
CONCEPTION INTERVAL
- refers to the intervening
period from the end of the
suckling period to the start
of the next pregnancy.
 WEANING TO CONCEPTION INTERVAL

2009; 15.16

2010;
DAYS

13.68

2007;
15.13
13.78 13.3 2006; 14.03

13.25
2008;
11.69
4.13 – 39.72
NON-PRODUCTIVE DAYS (NPD)
-comprises all the days that a female or gilt
are not productive while part of an
2010 – 24.58
inventoried herd; traditionally, these are
days in which the female is neither
lactating nor gestating. NPD includes
several commonly measured production
parameters such as farrowing rate and
5.72 – 47.58
weaning to re-service interval.
 Farrowing Interval
 Defined: refers to the period from the
birth of one litter to the birth of the
succeeding litter.
 Also known as Litter Interval
 Components
 Pregnancy Period
Lactation Period
Weaning to Conception Interval
 2010; 174.58
2009; 176.76

FARROWING INTERVAL
DAYS

159.98
158.93 2007; 158.98
157.87 157.84
2008; 156.53

146.24 – 215.51
 Farrowing Index
 Defined: refers to the average
2010
frequency – 2.10
of farrowing of a sow on a
yearly basis.

365 days
1.85 – 2.34
Farrowing
Interval
Acceptable pigs weaned
per sow per year,
EXCEPT
A. 18 C. 24
B. 16 D. 12
 Parameters affecting
pigs weaned per sow
per year, EXCEPT
A. Post weaning C. Litter size at
mortality weaning
B. Farrowing D. None of the
interval above
Acceptable pigs sold
per sow per year

A. 15 C. 35
B. 9 D. 40
Defined – PIGS WEANED PER
SOW PER YEAR (PWSY)
- Measure of breeding herd
productivity. Basic component
is pigs weaned per litter and
farrowing interval.
 PIGS WEANED PER SOW PER YEAR
NUMBER

2008; 19.78
19.43 19.16 2010; 17.75
2009; 17.66
2005; 19.05

18.69 2007; 18.85

11.40 – 22.31
Defined – PIGS PRODUCED/SOLD
PER SOW PER YEAR (PSSY)
- Measure of breeding herd
productivity. Basic component
is pigs weaned per sow per
year and post weaning
mortality.
 PIGS PRODUCED PER SOW PER 2010;
YEAR 16.87
NUMBER

2009; 16.37

2005; 15.96 2007;2008;

16.0916.08
15.78
15.3315.53

7.93 – 21.65
 Sow Productivity
Farrowing Litter Size at
Interval Weaning

Pigs Weaned/Sow/Year
Post Weaning
Mortality

Pigs Sold/Sow/Year
(Tonnage of Pigs Sold/Sow/Year)
 Breeds
of Swine
 
 An example of a
purebred swine.

A. Coltswold C. Diani
B. Duroc D. Camborough
 An example of a
hybrid swine.
A. Hypor C. Hereford

B. Hampshire D. Large
White
 An example of an
upgrade swine.

A. Duroc C. Diani
B. Bobcock D. Seghers
 Native
Purebreds
Hybrids
PHILIPPINE
NATIVE PIG
Common
Purebreds
LANDRACE – THE LONGEST SWINE
BREED
YORKSHIRE LARGE WHITE
“MOTHER
BREED”
 DUROC
“RED POWER”
PIETRAIN
HAMPSHIRE “THE BELT”
BERKSHIRE

POLAND
CHINA
CHINESE
PIGS
MEISHAN
FUNJIANG
 Upgrades
Hybrids
Crossbreds
UPGRADES
• Diani
• Kaman
• Berkjala
• Miracle Pig
CROSSBREEDS

• Landrace x Yorkshire
• Duroc x Pietrain
• Triple Cross
HYBRIDS/ SYNTHETIC
BREEDS
• Seghers
• Hypor
• Nieuw Dalland
• Bobcock
• Camborough
• PIC
• Tyson
 Breeding
Management
 
 Permanent improvement in the
performance of a swine farm
can be achieve by.

A. Good housing C. Selecting

exceptional
parental stocks
B. Proper
nutrition D. All of the above
 Cross-bred gilts should
be superior in terms of
A. Gain in C. Litter size at
weight birth
B. Feed D. Back fat
Conversion
Ratio
 Cross-bred boars should
be superior in terms of
A. Litter size at C. Weaning
birth weight
B. Feed D. Birth weight
Conversion
Ratio
 A good replacement boar
should have:
A. 6 pairs of C. Strong legs
functional
teats
B. Two pairs of D. All of the above
big testicles
 Normal sperm
concentration per semen
volume .
A. 200-300 C. 100 - 150
million million
B. 30 billion D. 400 billion
 CHARACTERISTICS OF AVERAGE
EJACULATES
Volume, ml. 150-200 (gel free)
Sperm concentration.200-300 M/ml
Motile sperm, 70 %
Morphologically normal sperm, 80 %
Color, Creamy white
 Characteristic sperm
motility of a healthy fresh
semen sample.
A. Reverse C. Circular

B. Progressive D. Rocking
 Reasons for failure of the
boar to breed, EXCEPT
A. High C. Improper breeding
environmental techniques
temperature
B. Homosexuality D. Poor sperm count
Lack of libido and failure of the
boar to breed
Genetic problems
High environmental T0
Feet and leg problem
Boar too fat
Underfed
Not handled properly especially
during the first mating.
 Recommended age in
first breeding of gilts

A. 6 months C. 8 months

B. 7 months D. 9 months
Recommendations at
First Breeding of Gilts
eight months
110 – 120 kg weight.
second heat cycle
second day of heat
period
 Estrous cycle of
swine
A. 16 days C. 26 days

B. 21 days D. 31 days
 Estrus period in
days
A. 3 days C. 30 days
B. 21 days D. 14 days
 Feeding gilts with high-
energy ration before
breeding is called

A. Full feeding C. Energy

feeding
B. Limited D. Flushing
feeding
Reasons for failure of
gilts and sows to cycle.
EXCEPT

A. Too fat C. Uterine

infection
B. High D. Poor breeding
temperature technique
Failure of some gilts and
sow to cycle
Overfeeding and Underfeeding
Season may be too hot
Afflicted with aflatoxicosis or
mycotoxicosis
Loss of contact of the females
with their sex partners.
Genetic inhibition
Uterine infection
 Reasons for failure of the sow
and gilt to conceive but they are
recycling on schedule, EXCEPT

A. Improper C. Under feeding

mating time

B. Aflatoxicosis D. Uterine
infection
 Failures of gilts and sows to
conceive but they are recycling on
schedule
Mild uterine infection
Aflatoxin or mycotoxins in the
feed
Improper time of mating
Occlusions or missing portions
of the duct system
Liquid or pus-like material in
the oviduct
Recommended weight
gain of mature sows
during pregnancy

A. 35 kg C. 25 kg
B. 41 kg D. 53 kg
Weight Gain during Gestation

23-27 kg for mature sows

30-41 kg for gilts and young sows
After the fourth litter, sow’s body
weight should be about 163 kg
after weaning for each successive
reproductive cycle.
Keep in mind that the greater the
weight gain during gestation, the
greater the weight loss during
lactation.
Increase daily feed intake by
10% for pregnant sows is
recommended at

A. First trimester C. Third trimester of

of pregnancy pregnancy

B. Second D. 14 days before

trimester of breeding
pregnancy
 Feeding Pregnant Animals
1.8 to 2.3 kg of a balanced 14 percent
crude protein.
Feed intake of the sow should be restricted
soon after a productive mating.
Feeding the Sow in the Late
Pregnancy
Increasing the level of feeding to at
least 15% level of 2.0 kg for
primigestation and light
multigestation sows, and 10% for
the fully-grown or heavy
multigestation sows.
If the sow was bred July
18,Solution:
2011 when will you
check forCycle
Estrous pregnancy?
= 21 days
(18 – 22 days)

July 8,
A. August 18,2011
2011 +C.21July
days28, 2011

B. August =
18, 20118,D.
August August 28, 2011
2011
If the sow farrowed July
18, 2011 when was it
bred?
A. March 26, C. March 16,
2010 2010
B. April 26, D. None of the
2010 choices
Feeding of laxative feeds
too pregnant animals is
recommended at
A. 14 days C. 4 days before
before EDB EDF
B. 7 days D. 5 days post
before EDF farrowing
Acceptable sow
condition score at
farrowing

A. 1.5 C. 3.5
B. 2.5 D. 4.5
 Sign of
farrowing
A. Distended C. Mucus
udder discharge from
the nose
B. Swelling of D. Mounting pen
the vagina mates
Breeder Management  

Lactating sow
Water requirement
consumes as of a sow
during lactation
much as 15-30
liters of water a
day.
A. 10 liters C. 30 gallons

B. 15 gallons D. 20 liters
Acceptable sow
condition score after
lactation

A. 1.5 C. 5.0
B. 2.5 D. 4.0
 Which of the following is an
important litter management
practice to prevent chilling and
hypoglycemia.

A. Creep feeding C. Brooding

B. Cutting of D. Cutting of
umbilical cord needle teeth
At first week of age baby pigs
prefer an environmental
temperature of

A. 24-25 oC C. 28-29 oC
B. 26-27 C D. 30-32 C
o o
 Characteristics of a
true still born
weanling
A. Brown- C. Absence of
black color meconium
B. Presence of D. None of the
timbles above
 Which of the following is
an important management
practice to prevent navel
ill.
A. Creep C. Cutting of
feeding umbilical
cord
B. Inject iron D. Cutting of
dextran needle teeth
Litter Management  

How many needle teeth

should be cut in the boar?

A. 1 C. 8
B. 0 D. 4
Which of the following is an
important management
practice to prevent anemia
A. Creep C. Inject iron
feeding dextran

B. Cutting of D. Inject
umbilical vitamins
cord
 Recommended age for
iron dextran injection

A. 3 days C. 3 months
B. 3 weeks D. 3 years
Which of the following is an
important management
practice needed for proper
record keeping?
A. Cutting C. Ear tagging
umbilical
cord
B. Inject iron D. Fostering
dextran
 Transferring one or more
piglets from a litter of
one sow to another is
known as

A. Piglet C. Shift suckling

swapping
B. Rotational D. Fostering
feeding
 Recommended age to
offer creep feed.

A. 7 days C. 21 days
B. 14 days D. 28 days
 Main reasons for
castrating slaughter pigs.

A. For thinner C. Fast growth

back fat rate
B. Remove the D. Better feed
boar taint efficiency
Removal of a portion of
the pigs tail

A. Cutting C. Tail biting

B. Shoat D. Docking