Newcastle Disease

•Newcastle disease is contagious

viral disease causing respiratory,
nervous and digestive disorders in
several species of fowl including
chicken and turkeys.
• Birds of all age groups are
susceptible. The vulnerable age for
the disease is first 6 weeks of the life
or birds in late stage of their lay.
 What causes Newcastle disease

• Aetiology
• Paramyxovirus - 1 (PMV – 1) only one
serotype of ND is known.
• Pathology of the virus
– ND – velogenic – viscerotropic (vvND) it is also
called as Asiatic or exotic ND. It is highly virulent for
chickens.
What causes Newcastle disease….
– ND Neurotropic velogenic – causes
neurological and respiratory signs.
– ND Mesogenic – these viruses are used as
vaccines in previously immunized birds.
– ND Lentogenic – may cause sub clinical mild
infections. Can affect any age. Most of the
vaccine strains are Lentogenic strains.
 Transmission
• Highly contagious, direct contact with
secretions.
• Specially feces from infected birds.
• Ingestion of contaminated feed & water
• Premises, equipments and human clothing
etc.
• Disease spreads through air to long
distance or aerosal form.
• Backyard flocks and companion birds acts
as reservoirs.
 Symptoms
• Incubation period : 2 to 15 days
• Gasping, coughing, drooping – wings,
dragging legs,
• Twisting of the head and neck, inappetance,
partial or complete
• Cessation of egg production, greenish
diarrhoea.
• Morbidity and mortality depend on virulence of
virus
 Symptoms……

• Velogenic form – respiratory and nervous

signs, Morbidity 100 % and mortality –
upto 80%.
• Mesogenic – High morbidity and high
mortality. Acute drop in egg production in
mature flocks
• Lentogenic – Mild respiratory signs are
noted. Moderate to high morbidity,
negligible mortality
 Diagnosis
• Presumptive diagnosis may be made on basis
of clinical syndrome, P.M. lesions, rising titre in
serology.
• Mere isolation of ND virus from the tissues is
not enough to pronounce ND. The isolate has
to be studied in tests known as minimum death
time, intracerebral pathogenic index,
intravenous pathogenic index in chickens.
 Diagnosis…….

Gross Pathology
• Hemorrhage in proventriculus, Necrotic
plaques in proventriculus, intestine, caecal
tonsils and tracheitis.
• Pulmonary congestion
• Air sacculitis and associated with E.coli
Material to be sent to laboratory
• Lungs & Trachea, spleen in 50% glycerin
saline to be sent on ice.
 Haemorrhage in the trachea, large
intestine, caecal tonsil & proventriculus
and gizzard.
Inflammation of trachea with
hemorrhages
Necrotic button ulcer in the
intestine
Necrotic button ulcer in the
intestine
Nrcrotic button ulcer in the intestine
Air sacs inflamed, cloudy and
congested
 Control

• Biosecurity
• Systematic vaccination is the key of
Newcastle disease control.
• Two types of vaccines are available
• Newcastle disease live vaccine.
• Newcastle disease inactivated
vaccine.
 Control….
• Live vaccine – The immune response to a
vaccine increases as the pathogenicity of
live vaccine increases. Therefore to obtain
the desired level of protection without
serious reaction, vaccination programs are
needed that involve sequential use of
progressively more virulent viruses or live
virus followed by inactivated vaccine.
 Vaccination….
• Newcastle disease live vaccine F. strain (ICPI
0.25) is used as primary dose in first few days (5
- 7 days) of the chick. It is a mild strain well
tolerated by a young chick.
• The subsequent live vaccines consist of NDV
Lasota strain which are administered 24 – 25
days, 35 – 40 days ( if necessary). The repetition
of Lasota vaccine will depend on Mab profile of
the chick population.
 Vaccination….
• Newcastle disease mesogenic vaccine (R2B strain ) is
administered when the birds are 8 to 10 weeks of age.
• Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine Encivax(Titre of
bulk >109 EID50) is administered at point of lay (EID=
Embryo infectious dose). One EID50 unit is the amount
of virus that will infect 50 percent of inoculated eggs
• The HI titre of birds is routinely monitored. The layer
birds should have HI titre of >26 HI in order to ensure
sustained production. It may be necessary to boost the
layer immunity by administration of Lasota (usually every
3 months) as per need.
 Vaccination….
• There are special circumstances when judicious use
of ND killed vaccines is found beneficial in farms
where there is persistent problem of ND and/or great
variation in Mab titre of chicks, simultaneous
vaccination of live and inactivated ND vaccine is
found beneficial.
• Similarly in case of broiler birds having high maternal
antibody – in many cases – simultaneous vaccination
of live + inactivated ND vaccine is found beneficial.
• Indovax offers world class highly effective live
vaccines prepared from CAV free SPF eggs
 Vaccination….

• Newcastle disease live vaccine F strain

>106 EID50 with special diluent.
• Newcastle disease live vaccine Lasota
strain >106 EID50 with special diluent.
• Newcastle disease live vaccine R2B
strain >105 EID50 with special diluent.
 Vaccination….
• Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine
Encivax(>109 EID50) stable water in oil
emulsion – dose for adult birds 0.5 ml
dose for chicks less than 1 month of age
0.25 ml.
• Indovax can assist in determining Mab
titres for ND and assess sero conversion
due to vaccination from time to time.