Submitted to: muhammad Ali sb

Submitted by: Umair zafar

Topic : comparative anatomy of sternum and mandibles
 Comparative structure of mandible
structure Horse Ox Dog Goat
Masseteric Fossa Shallow Deep Deep Deep
Mandibular Near the In the middle of In the middle of
foramen interalveolar medial surface. medial surface
spaces.

Mental foramen 1 in number 1 In number 2 or 3 1

(Present between (Present near
canine and first incisors teeth)
premolar teeth.)

Ventral border Straight, round, Convex Convex Slightly curved

thick
Alveolar border Thick (Six alveoli Six alveoli for lower Seven alveoli for
for incisors and teeth gradually lower cheek teeth
further back 2 increase in size.
alveoli are present
for canine only in
male.)

Condyle Convex Concave Placed very low not Concave

much higher than
the apex of canine
Coronoid process Straight Extensive (curved Very extensive Straight
backward) (downward and
forward
Structure horse ox Dog Goat
Symphasis Absent Present Present Present
mandibulae

Lingual surface Smooth and Curve downward

slightly concave
Interalveolar Thin Thin
surface
 Comparative aspects of Sternum
Structure Horse Ox Dog Goat
Shape Canoe Wider, Flatter Long , laterally Wider, Flatter
,Compressed and relatively compressed
laterally larger
Sternebrae 7 at birth (last 7 8 6
two fused after 2
months)
Crista sterni present absent
Manubrium Distinctly felt in Wedge shaped
sterni the central and compressed
furrow of breast
Cariniform present absent absent Absent
cartilages

Xiphoid Cartilage larger smaller

Dorsal surface Concave Straight
lateral surface Convex concave