“Three Phase Bi-directional PEV Charger

With V2G Reactive Power Operation”

Supervised By: Presented By:

Dr. Tripta Thakur Shubham Saini
Dr. Mukesh Kirar M.Tech[Power Systems]
Scholar No.- 172113115

Maulana Azad National Institute Of Technology

Bhopal
 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Objectives
4. Proposed Methodology
5. Results
6. Conclusion
7. Future Scope
8. Publication
9. References
 INTRODUCTION
1. EVs are the integral part of electrified transportation system
globally.
2. The charging power for EVs can be obtained either from
conventional power grid networks or renewable energy sources.
3. The conventional PFC PEV chargers provides unidirectional power
flow from grid to vehicle only.
4. The energy stored in EVs can be utilized for grid management
system in smart grid scenario.
5. The Bidirectional PEV chargers with V2G capability provides a
bright solution for effective power management in smart grids.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Author name title inference

M. Kesler et al.[1] Vehicle-to-Grid Reactive Power Analysis of V2G operation of off-

Operation Using Plug-In Electric board bidirectional PEV chargers is
Vehicle Bidirectional Offboard done while charging a PEV battery.
Charger

B. Singh et al.[2] Three phase off-board bi- Four quadrant operation of bi-
directional charger for EV with directional chargers is discussed
V2G functionality under various grid conditions.

M. C. Kisacikoglu Examination of a PHEV Reactive power compensation using

et al.[3] bidirectional charger system for inverter DC link capacitor is studied
V2G reactive power compensation when a PHEV battery is charging.

T. K. Saha et al.[4] Overview of the impacts of plug-in Various impacts of EV-grid

electric vehicles on the power grid integration are analyzed under
different grid operating conditions.
Jung-Huo Lee Fast charging technique for EV A battery charging algorithm is
et al.[5] battery charger using three-phase developed to reduce charging time and
AC-DC boost converter. prevent battery overcharging.

G. Buja et al.[6] Reactive Power Compensation V2G enabled EVs are investigated for
Capabilities of V2G-Enabled reactive power operation, either alone or
Electric Vehicles. with simultaneous battery charging.

K. T. Chau Opportunities and Challenges of Technological framework and challenges

et al.[8] Vehicle-to-Home, Vehicle-to- for smart grid integration of electric
Vehicle, and Vehicle-to-Grid vehicles are studied.
Technologies.
J. C. Gomez Impact of EV battery chargers on Impact analysis of PEV chargers on
et al.[9] the power quality of distribution power quality and system parameters of
systems. distribution networks is performed.

G. A. Putrus Impact of electric vehicles on A comprehensive study is performed on

et al.[12] power distribution networks. impact analysis of electric vehicles on
power system components.
 OBJECTIVES

1. Analysis of vehicle-to-grid(V2G) operation capability of three phase

bidirectional PEV charger.
2. Two quadrant operation of PEV charger in PQ plane for reactive
power compensation.
 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

 The proposed bidirectional charger comprises of three phase PWM

boost rectifier.
 The output of boost rectifier is rectified DC voltage used to charge a
Li-ion battery.
 A unified controller is designed to follow utility PQ commands in a
smart grid environment.
 The charger operates in two quadrants in the active-reactive power
(PQ) power plane with three different operation modes i.e.,
charging-only, charging-capacitive, charging-inductive.
SIMULATED MODEL
 PROPOSED CONTROL METHODOLOGY

PLL
θ
Vabc Vdq P
Vdq P = 3/2(VdId + VqIq)
abc/dq Idq Q = 3/2(VqId – VdIq)
Idq Q
Iabc

Vd
Id*
Pref ed
PI PI Ʃ ÷
+ +
- -
P dd
Vdcref + Id -ωL Switching
Vdc pulses
PI
dq/abc SPWM
- Iq
Vdc ωL dq
-
Qref + eq
PI PI Ʃ ÷
+
- Iq*
Vq Vdc
Q
 Table 1: System Parameters
Charger Apparent Power 12.5 KVA
Three Phase L-L Grid Voltage 208 Volts
Grid Frequency 50 Hz
Boost Inductance 4.5 mH
Switching Frequency 20 KHz
DC Link Capacitance 1100 µF
Battery Voltage 370 Volts, 50% SOC

Table 2: Simulation Scenario

Active power P(KW) Reactive power Apparent power Power factor

Q(KVAR) S(KVA)
12500 0 12500 1.0 unity
10200 7200 12500 0.8 lag
10200 -7200 12500 0.8 lead
 RESULTS
600

500

400
DC link voltage(volts)

300

200

100

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

Fig. 1. DC link voltage

 200

150

100
Supply Voltage & Current

50

-50

-100

-150

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Fig.2. Supply voltage and current for unity pf operation

 60

40

20
Battery Current(A)

-20

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

Fig. 3. Battery charging current for upf operation

 200

150

100
Supply Voltage(V) & Current (A)

50

-50

-100

-150

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Fig.4. Supply voltage and current for lagging pf operation

 60

40

20
Battery Current(A)

-20

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

Fig.5. Battery charging current for lagging pf operation

 200

150

Supply Voltage(V) & Currents (A) 100

50

-50

-100

-150

-200

-250
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Fig.6. Supply voltage and current for leading pf operation

 60

40

20
Battery Current(A)

-20

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

Fig.7. Battery charging current for leading pf operation

 CONCLUSION

 The proposed charger provides bidirectional power flow between

grid and electric vehicle within specified power limits satisfactorily.
 Proposed controller receives power commands from utility grid and
adjusts charging currents accordingly within specified limits.
 Reactive power compensation to the grid can be done using bi-
directional PEV charger.
 The EV battery is not affected by reactive power compensation,
hence improves battery life.
 FUTURE SCOPE

 The proposed controller can be modified to obtain four quadrant

operation in PQ plane.
 Controlled active power compensation can be provided to grid
networks during peak demands.
 Bidirectional chargers can utilize EV energy storage for islanded
operation, hence cluster of EVs can operate as a microgrid.
 Local reactive power compensation through EVs can help power
distribution networks.
 PUBLICATION

1. Shubham Saini, Dr. Tripta Thakur, Dr. Mukesh Kirar, “A Review Of

Electric Vehicle Charging Topology, Its Impacts And Smart
Grid Operation With V2G Technology”, proceeding in
International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Electrical and
Computational Intelligence, Elsevier SSRN digital Library, IIIT
Allahabad (Prayagraj), 31 May - 1 June, 2019.
 REFERENCES

1. M. Kesler, M. C. Kisacikoglu and L. M. Tolbert, "Vehicle-to-Grid Reactive Power Operation Using Plug-
In Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Offboard Charger," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.
61, no. 12, pp. 6778-6784, Dec. 2014.
2. A.Verma and B. Singh, "Three phase off-board bi-directional charger for EV with V2G
functionality," 2017 7th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), Pune, 2017, pp. 145-150.
3. M. C. Kisacikoglu, B. Ozpineci and L. M. Tolbert, "Examination of a PHEV bidirectional charger system
for V2G reactive power compensation," 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition (APEC), Palm Springs, CA, 2010, pp. 458-465.
4. C. H. Dharmakeerthi, N. Mithulananthan and T. K. Saha, "Overview of the impacts of plug-in electric
vehicles on the power grid," 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Perth, WA, 2011, pp.
1-8.
5. Jung-Hyo Lee, Jung-Song Moon, Yong-Seok Lee, Young-Real Kim and Chung-Yuen Won, "Fast
charging technique for EV battery charger using three-phase AC-DC boost converter," IECON 2011 -
37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Melbourne, VIC, 2011, pp. 4577-
4582.
6. G. Buja, M. Bertoluzzo and C. Fontana, "Reactive Power Compensation Capabilities of V2G-Enabled
Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 9447-9459, Dec.
2017.

7. Diyun Wu, K. T. Chau and Shuang Gao, "Multilayer framework for vehicle-to-grid operation," 2010
IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Lille, 2010, pp. 1-6.

8. C. Liu, K. T. Chau, D. Wu and S. Gao, "Opportunities and Challenges of Vehicle-to-Home, Vehicle-to-

Vehicle, and Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 101, no. 11, pp. 2409-
2427, Nov. 2013.

9. J. C. Gomez and M. M. Morcos, "Impact of EV battery chargers on the power quality of distribution
systems," in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 975-981, July 2003.

10. J. Balcells and J. García, "Impact of plug-in electric vehicles on the supply grid," 2010 IEEE Vehicle
Power and Propulsion Conference, Lille, 2010, pp. 1-4.
11. H. Wang, Q. Song, L. Zhang, F. Wen and J. Huang, "Load characteristics of electric vehicles in charging
and discharging states and impacts on distribution systems," International Conference on Sustainable
Power Generation and Supply (SUPERGEN 2012), Hangzhou, 2012, pp. 1-7.

12. G. A. Putrus, P. Suwanapingkarl, D. Johnston, E. C. Bentley and M. Narayana, "Impact of electric

vehicles on power distribution networks," 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,
Dearborn, MI, 2009, pp. 827-831.

13. T. S. Ustun, C. R. Ozansoy and A. Zayegh, "Implementing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology With
IEC 61850-7-420," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1180-1187, June 2013.

14. D. T. Hoang, P. Wang, D. Niyato and E. Hossain, "Charging and Discharging of Plug-In Electric
Vehicles (PEVs) in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems: A Cyber Insurance-Based Model," in IEEE Access,
vol. 5, pp. 732-754, 2017.

15. Rajakaruna S, Shahnia F, Ghosh A,”Plug in electric vehicles in smart grids.” 1st ed. Springer Science
and Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd; 2015.