Faculty: Energetica

Specialty : Electricity Engineering

Group: 523.6
Teacher: Manafova İrade
Student: Cavid İsmayılzade
Theme: Electric Motors
Welcome to My Presentation

 ELECTRIC MOTOR
 What is an Electric Motor ??
• The first electric motor was invented by
William Sturgeon in 1832. and successful one
was done in 1873
• A machine that converts electricity into
mechanical energy or motion.
• An electric motor is a type of
prime mover for a mechanical
system. 
Principle of how motors work
 Structural Design
 An electric motor is all about magnets and
magnetism: A motor uses magnets to create motion.
 A motor is consist of two magnets.
Spinning Armature in a Motor
 Construction of an Electric Motor

1) Armature coil : A large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound on iron
core in rectangular shape forms an armature coil ABCD . 
2) Strong magnet : The armature coil is placed in between two pole pieces (N and S)
of a strong magnet. This provides a strong magnetic field.
3) Split ring commutator : It consist of two halves (R1 and R2) of a metallic ring. The
ends of the armature coil are connected to direction of current in the armature
coil. 
4) Brushes : Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 are used to press the commutator. 
5) Battery : The battery supplies the current to the armature coil.
 Uses of Electric Motor

• Motors have a wide variety of uses and are found

in cars, clocks,
drills, fans, fridges, hair dryers, toothbrushes, vacuum
cleaners,
water pumps (for fish tanks, central heating, fire fighting)
washing machines, hard disk drives, DVD players, electric
vehicles
and industrial equipment including extruders,
fork-lift trucks, lathes, mills, hoists, robots and winches.
 Classification of Motors

Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)

Motors Motors

Synchronous Induction Separately Self Excited

Excited

Single-Phase Three-Phase Series Compound Shunt

 AC Motors
 Alternating current (AC) motors use an electrical
current, which reverses its direction at regular intervals.
An AC motor has two basic electrical parts: a "stator"
and a "rotor".
CLASSIFICATION OF AC MOTOR
Alternating Current (AC)
Motors

Synchronous Induction

Single-Phase Three-Phase
 AC Motors
 Electrical current reverses direction
 Two parts: stator and rotor
 Stator: stationary electrical component
 Rotor: rotates the motor shaft
rotor
 Speed difficult to control stator

 Two types
• Synchronous motor
• Induction motor
 Synchronous Motors

A synchronous motor is an AC motor,which

runs at constant speed fixed by frequency of the
sysem.
This motor rotates at a synchronous speed,
which is given by the following equation

WHERE,
F = supply frequency
Ns = 120 f / P P = number of poles
 Induction motors
•Induction motors are the most common motors used for
various equipments in industry.
Components
Rotor
• Squirrel cage
• Wound rotor

Stator
 Dc motor
DC Motors – Components
• Field pole
• North pole and south pole
• Receive electricity to form
magnetic field
(Direct Industry, 1995)
• Armature
• Cylinder between the poles
• Electromagnet when current goes through
• Linked to drive shaft to drive the load

• Commutator
• Overturns current direction in armature
 Types of dc motor
• Separately excited DC motor: field current supplied from
a separate force
• Self-excited DC motor:
1. Shunt motor : the field winding (shunt field) is connected in
parallel with the armature winding.

2. Series motor : the field winding (shunt field) is connected in

series with the armature winding.

3. Compound motor : compound motor is a combination of

shunt and series motor.
 Universal Motors

 While most motors operate from either AC or DC, some

can operate from either
 These are universal motors and resemble series-
wound DC motors, but are designed for both AC and DC
operation
– typically operate at high speed (usually > 10,000 rpm)
– offer high power-to-weight ratio
– ideal for portable equipment such as hand drills and
vacuum cleaners
 Motors
• Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical
energy
• Motors make things move

LINEAR
DC BRUSH INDUCTION

ELECTROSTATIC STEPPER UNIVERSAL

Example of Motor
Thanks to see the slides
Thanks to see the slides