12.

7 Dilemma 3: What Should President

Madison Do to Protect Sailors and Settlers?
At Sea
• Madison strikes a deal with Napoleon: if France agreed to
stop seizing U.S. ships, the U.S. would cut off all trade with
G.B.
• Madison begins to think of going to war with G.B.
• New Englanders and Federalists are strongly opposed to war
with G.B. Didn’t want a blockade of their ports.
 On the Frontier
• Settlers in the South and to the west favored war with Britain.
They accused Britain of stirring up trouble with the Natives.
• Natives were found with English guns and Americans were
outraged.
• “War Hawks” such as Clay and Calhoun wanted to drive the
British out of Canada.
12.8 What Happened: Madison Launches the
War of 1812
Battles on Land and Sea
• Army has 7,000 men and the Navy has 16 ships.
• Americans make progress into Canada but are
then pushed back across the border.
• 1814, British attack Washington and burn the
Capitol and the White House.
• British attack Baltimore (Ft. McHenry) and Francis
Scott Key writes a poem called “The Star Spangled
Banner.”
 The Battle of New Orleans
• British surrender at the Battle of Lake Champlain
in NY.
• 7,500 British troops attack New Orleans which
was defended by Andrew Jackson and 7,000
militia, pirates, Indians, and free African
Americans.
• 2,000 British soldiers killed to only 20 Americans.
• Treaty was signed 2 weeks before the battle
 Results of the War
• 3 important effects of the war:
1. Indian resistance weakened in the Northwest.
2. U.S. national pride surged. The U.S. truly felt like an
independent nation.
3. Federalist party weakens from opposition to the war, and
never recovers.
12.9 Dilemma 4: What Should President Monroe
Do to Support the New Latin American Nations?
Latin America’s Revolutions
• Mexican revolution was inspired by Miguel
Hidalgo in 1810. It won independence from
Spain in 1821.
• The last Spanish troops had been driven out of
South America by 1825.
 The New Latin American Nations

• Americans were excited by the revolutions,

and the British also supported them.
• Foreign countries could now trade with the
nations of Latin America.
• Some Euro countries wanted to help Spain
recover its lost colonies.
• President Monroe had to ask former
presidents what to do.
 12.10 What Happened: The U.S. Issues the
Monroe Doctrine
• 1823 Monroe Doctrine: N. and S. America are not
subject to colonization by European countries. The U.S.
would consider this dangerous to our peace and safety.
• Europeans thought this was arrogant; Americans loved
it.
 Monroe Doctrine Cont.
• The Monroe Doctrine had 2 major implications:
1. U.S. would not tolerate European interference in
the Western Hemisphere.
2. It implied that the U.S. was a strong, confident
nation to be respected by the world.