SAMPLING

PROCEDURE
Ms. Resa Mae C. Laygan
What is a sampling procedure?
• For non-experimental research, this refers to the
procedures on how you conduct sample to your participant.

• This can be done through:

• Probability Sampling
• Non-probability Sampling

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Probability Sampling
• This is a sampling procedure where you choose your target
respondents by chance.

• Sampling Techniques: Simple Random sampling, Stratified

Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, Cluster Sampling,
Multi-stage sampling

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Probability Sampling: Simple Random sampling
• This refers to a random method of selecting subjects/
participants.
• These may include assigning numbers to all participants
and then using a random number generator to choose
random numbers.

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Probability Sampling: Stratified Random Sampling
• This involves splitting subjects into exclusive groups and
then using simple random sampling to choose members
from groups.

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Probability Sampling: Systematic sampling
• On this technique, you choose every “nth” participant from
a complete list.
• For example, you could choose every 5th person listed.

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Probability Sampling: Cluster Random sampling
• This involves randomly selecting participants from a list that
is too large for simple random sampling.
• For example, if you wanted to choose 1000 participants
from the entire population of the Iligan City, it is likely
impossible to get a complete list of everyone. Instead, the
researcher randomly selects areas (example: by barangay)
and randomly selects from within those boundaries.

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Probability Sampling: Multi-Stage Random
sampling
• This uses a combination of probability sampling techniques.

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Non-Probability Sampling
• This is a sampling procedure where you choose your target
respondents not by chance.

• Sampling Techniques: Purposive Sampling, Convenience

sampling, Snowball Sampling, Quota Sampling

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Non-Probability Sampling:
Convenience Sampling
• This involves collecting a sample from somewhere
convenient to you: the mall, your local school, your church.
• Sometimes it is called accidental sampling, opportunity
sampling or grab sampling.

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Non-Probability Sampling:
Purposive Sampling
• On this technique, the researcher chooses a sample based
on the characteristics of participants according to the
researcher’s research purpose.

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Non-Probability Sampling: Quota Sampling
• This is where the groups (i.e. men and women) in the
sample are proportional to the groups in the population.

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Non-Probability Sampling: Snowball Sampling
• This is where research participants recruit other members
for the study.
• This method is particularly useful when participants might
be hard to find.
• For example, a study on working prostitutes or HIV positive.

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SAMPLE SIZE
sample size
• A sample size is a part of the 
population chosen for a survey or
experiment.
• This represents the population.
• For example, you might take a
survey of residents in Iligan City.
You don’t want to survey them all
(maybe its either time consuming
or expensive), so you take the population

sample size.
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How to calculate sample size?
1. Assess the number of population of your target
participants.
2. Use a sample size (if the population is too large)
3. Use the sample size formula: Cochran Formula
Where:
• e is the desired level of precision or margin of error
• p is the (estimated) proportion of the population which has the attribute in question,
• q is 1 – p.
• Z- can be found in the z-table

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Z- table

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How to calculate sample size?
5. Here n0 is Cochran’s sample size recommendation, N is the
population size, and n is the new, adjusted sample size.

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How to calculate sample size?
Example:

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References
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/non-probability-sampling
/
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics
/find-sample-size
/

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