APPLICATION OF

GEOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS

Presented by:

Debanjali Chakraborty
 Introduction

Geological investigations play important role in the design,

stability, economical construction and maintenance of the
roads .

Such investigations are aimed at providing full details

regarding topography of the area , lithological characters
of the rocks (soil) And the ground water conditions
 Topology

Topographic maps would reveal the existence of

various land features like valleys and the infl owing
streams , the hills and their undulations, the
plateaus and the plains with all their varying
confi guration from place to place .
Lithological character

Ground may be divided into two types

1. Consolidated-Massive hard rock type
2. Unconsolidated-soft type
 Geological Structure

The structural features of rock ,especially in those of

sedimentary and metamorphic origin , have an important
bearing upon the design of cuts as well as on the stability
of the road as a whole .

Such structural features include dip and strike ,joints ,

fault planes and share zones.
 Engineering Geology in dam construction

Based on the construction material used , dams are grouped into

1. Concrete dams

2. Ear th dams Dam

Concret
Earth
e

Gravity Arch Buttress Rock fill Earth fill

 Location of a dam

1. A narrow river valley with steeper side slopes

2. Stable slopes at the dam location and along the reservoir sides.

3. Absence of weathered formations

4. Competent geological formations devoid of weak zones

5. Absence of clay and fractured material

6. Absence of fault zones

7. Stability of formations below the dam and reservoir area

8. Easy access and supply of materials for construction of the structures .

 Geological consideration for selection of a dam site

1.Topography and Geomorphology of the site

2.Impact of Geological Structure

3.Lithology of the formations

 Practical examples

1.Bhakranangal dam on Sutlez river

2.Koyna dam of Maharastra
3.St. Francis dam of California
4.Halesbar dam on Tennessee
river.
Geology of reservoirs

Problems associated with reservoirs are

1.Groundwater conditions
2.Permeable rocks
3.Silting
 Tunnels

A tunnel is a horizontal passage which is open

at both the ends to the ground surface.
Constructional Features

1.Tunnel lining
2.Overbreak
 Tunnels in rocks

1)Swelling rocks

2)Inclined strata

3)Folded rocks

4)Fault Zones

5)Jointed rocks

6)Water bearing rocks

THANK YOU