ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE

TECHNOLOGIES (ARTS)

By: RANDOLPH CAMOLISTA, R.N.

And
MARIA CONSOLACION PORAL, R.N.
 WHAT IS ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES?

 methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial

or partially artificial means
 used primarily in infertility treatments
 used in couples who are discordant for certain
communicable diseases, i.e. Aids, to reduce the
risk of infection when a pregnancy is desired
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ARTS?
 In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
includes:
 Transvaginal ovum retrieval (OCR)
 Assisted zona hatching (AZH)

 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)

 Zygote intrafallopian transfer(ZIFT)

 Autologous endometrial coculture

 Cytoplasmic transfer

 Egg donors

 Gestational carrier

 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

 Embryo splitting
 OTHERS (DOES NOT NECESSARILY
INVOLVE IVF):

 Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

 Sex selection

 Artificial insemination (AI)

 Surrogacy

 Reproductive surgery

 Cryopreservation
 RISKS:
 Genetic Disorders

 Low Birth Weight

 Preterm Birth
 ISSUES ON:
1. Conception, Pregnancy and Marriage
 Valid Marriage (2 central considerations):
1.
1. The unitive and the procreative dimensions of the marital
act must remain intact and;
2.
2. Each couple is called to responsible parenthood
 IVF is the converse of contraception: which allows the
unitive dimension to happen without the procreative;
IVF allows the procreative without the unitive.
 Human procreation is a natural act and a vital act.
2. Permitted Assistance to Human Procreation

 Ethical medical advancement in itself is a positive
expression of the inspiration of the Holy Spirit upon
the medical and scientific community.
 What is allowed is assisted reproduction?


- to assist the sperm to achieve its natural goal of

insemination, including by means of artificial
insemination, provided several conditions are in place:
 The couple is validly married


 The sperm of the husband is collected ethically



 Conception takes place within the wife’s infundibulum



 The resulting embryo is not subjected to disproportionate


risk or harm
 ETHICS:
 Family Relationships
-Both genetic and gestational mothers are biological mothers, but neither is
consistently identified as the legal mother.

 Informed Choice
- it requires full disclosure and fair representation of all potential medical,
social and emotional outcomes and risks.

 Research
- remains incomplete with regards to efficacy, long-term safety and
psychosocial implications of most ARTs, but these concerns are being
addressed.
- key factors that motivate research: the desire to overcome infertility, to be
helpful, to achieve professional advancement and to acquire financial gain.
 Gender Issues
- significantly influenced by societal assumptions about men and women.

 Embryo status
- Vatican considers embryos to be persons from conception and rejects IVF because it
separates sex and reproduction.

 Access
- difficulty in ensuring access to medically necessary and appropriate treatment while
avoiding inappropriate overuse at both micro (individual patient) and macro (health
policy) levels.

 Commercializing Reproduction
- Markets in human gametes, embryos and pregnancy raise widespread ethical
alarm.
 CATHOLICS POINT OF VIEW:
 Catholicism
- The Roman Catholic opposes all kinds of ART
because, as with contraception, it separates the
procreation purpose of the marriage act from its unitive
purpose.
- According to Pope Benedict XVI “it replaces love
between a husband and wife.”
- in Catholicism, and embryo is viewed as an individual
that must be treated as a person.
- IVF is disregarded because it might cause embryo
disposal
 CONCLUSION:

Today, many different techniques of human procreation arises

which is intended to assist in procreation but sad to say , some
were used as a substitute for human procreation and it is where
ethical problem/dilemma comes in. In couples who decided to
choose this technique, it is important to know the reason or motive
for undergoing it and we are sure that most of them will answer –
the desire to have a child. It is natural for loving couples to want
and have children. However, no child can really be “had,” since a
child is not a possession, not an object, and not a thing. Rather,
children are a gift from God. All life, especially human life, is a
gift from God. By definition, we do not have a right to gifts.
Therefore, no one really has a right to have a child. Couples do
have a right, however, to desire children. In order for their
marriage to be valid, the couple has a responsibility to desire
children. But whether the children come or not must remain the
prerogative of God.
THANK YOU AND GOOD DAY!