JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

PPT-019-03 1
 Job Safety Analysis

Also known as “Job Hazard Analysis.”

◦ The breaking down into its component parts of

any method or procedure to determine the
hazards connected with each key step and the
requirements for performing it safely.

PPT-019-03 2
Job Safety Analysis Priorities

 New Jobs

 Severity Potential

 History of Disabling Injuries

 Frequency of Accidents

PPT-019-03 3
 Job Safety Analysis

Job means “task”

e.g. Changing a tire, not being an auto mechanic

“Key” steps

Too detailed becomes cumbersome

Not enough detail becomes useless

PPT-019-03 4
Break Job Down into Key Steps

AVOID:

• Making job breakdown so detailed large

number of steps results.

• Making breakdown so general basic steps are

not recorded.

PPT-019-03 5
 Job Safety Analysis

Example: Changing a Flat Tire on an Automobile

PPT-019-03 6
 Key Steps
Changing a Flat Tire (too many steps):
1. Pull off road 8. Put key in lock
9. Open trunk
2. Put car in “park”
10. Remove Jack
3. Set brake 11. Remove Spare
4. Turn on “four ways” 12. Carry Spare
13. Set Jack
5. Open door
14. Remove Flat
6. Get out of car
7. Walk to trunk

PPT-019-03 7
 Key Steps

Not Enough Steps:

1. Park car 3. Put on spare tire

2. Take off flat tire 4. Drive away

PPT-019-03 8
 Key Steps

Just Right:

1. Park car, set brake 8. Tighten lug nuts

2. Remove jack & tire 9. Store tire & jack
from trunk
3. Loosen lug nuts
4. Jack up car
5. Remove tire
6. Set new tire
7. Jack down car

PPT-019-03 9
 Hazards

Parking car Jacking up car

Struck by traffic Car could fall
Removing tire & jack off jack
Setting new
Back strain
tire
Strike head on trunk Fingers
Loosen lug nuts pinched
Back/arm strain Back strain
Slip & fall Tighten nuts
Back strain
Slip & fall

PPT-019-03 10
 Work Observation

• Select experienced worker(s) who will

cooperate and participate in the JSA process.
• Explain purpose of JSA.
• Observe the employee performing the job
and write down basic steps.
• Completely describe
each step.
• Note deviations
(Very Important!).

PPT-019-03 11
 Hazards

• Identify Hazards and

Potential Accidents

• Search for Hazards

o Produced by work
o Produced by environment

• Repeat job observation as

many times as necessary to
identify all hazards.

PPT-019-03 12
 Develop Solutions

• Find a new way to do job.

• Change physical conditions that create hazards.

• Change the work procedure.

• Reduce frequency.

PPT-019-03 13
 New Way to do Job

• Determine the work goal of the job, and then

analyze the various ways of reaching this goal
to see which way is safest.

• Consider work saving tools and equipment.

PPT-019-03 14
Change in Physical Conditions

• Tools, materials, equipment layout or location.

• Study change carefully for other benefits

(costs, time savings).

PPT-019-03 15
Change in Work Procedures

• What should the worker do to eliminate the

hazard?

• How should it be done?

• Document changes in detail.

PPT-019-03 16
 Reduce Frequency

• What can be done to reduce the frequency of

the job?

• Identify parts that cause frequent repairs/

change.

• Reduce vibration, save machine parts.

PPT-019-03 17
 Effects of Changes

• A job that has been redesigned may affect

other jobs or work processes.

• Check or re-observe the new process once it

has been redesigned.

PPT-019-03 18
 Summary – JSA/JHA’s
• Get assistance from employees who are
knowledgeable in and actually do job/task.
• Break job/task down into simplified steps.
• Too many or not enough steps = not useful.
• Look at all hazards/issues and plan for
adequate protection.
• Goal = protect employees from injuries.

PPT-019-03 19
 Contact Information

Health & Safety Training Specialists

1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
(717) 772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov

Like us on Facebook! -
https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS

PPT-019-03 20
Questions?

PPT-019-03 21