Mahatma Education Society’s

Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science

(Autonomous)
New Panvel

Academic Year: 2020-2021

Class: F.Y.B.Com.
Semester: I
Subject: Environmental Studies

Submitted to: Dr. Rinkoo Shantnu

Name of the Student: Vidhyashree Gurusamy

Roll Number: 269
Topic: Urbanisation
An urbanisation plan : how
to crank up india’s
economic engine and
improve quality of life.

Urbanisation is the inevitable

outcome of the processes of growth
and the processes of modernization.
According to the United Nations,
mankind has entered a new normal -
the urban century.
 Introduction
Urbanisation is an increase in the number of
people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation
occurs mainly because people move from rural
areas to urban areas and it results in growth in
the size of the urban population and the extent
of urban areas. India's towns and cities have
expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate
to towns and cities in search of economic
opportunity.Urbanisation and development are
inter-linked as urbanisation is the driving force
for growth and development.In 1976, 37.9 per
cent of the world’s population was living in
towns and cities.This increased to 45 per cent in
1996 and 54.4 per cent in 2016. In India too, the
pace of urbanisation has increased in recent
years.
 Trends supporting urbanisation in India
➢ Private cities are now expanding due to the support of private companies. Private
developers are building private housing projects that will exponentially grow in the years
to come.
➢ The Delhi-Mumbai Corridor is an infrastructure program set to develop ‘Smart Cities’
and combine next-generation technology with infrastructural development.
➢ The transport and logistics sector of India underlines the importance of interconnecting
the different modes of transportation: road, rail, sea and air.
➢ Industrial townships are built to house employees close to the factories and
manufacturing plants at which they work. After the success of the pioneering industrial
township – Tata’s Steel Town – the government is planning on developing more like it.
➢ India’s expected economic growth opens up expansion prospects for Indian airports.
Domestic and international passengers are inevitably predicted to double in number in the
years to come.
 Cause and Effect of Urbanisation
Effects Causes

➢ Intensive urban growth can lead to greater poverty, with ➢ Environmental degradation
local governments unable to provide services for all ➢ Poor air and water quality
people.
➢ Insufficient water availability
➢ Automobile exhaust produces elevated lead levels in
urban air. ➢ Waste-disposal problems
➢ Large volumes of uncollected waste create multiple ➢ High energy consumption
health hazards.
➢ Urban development can magnify the risk of
environmental hazards such as flash flooding.
➢ Pollution and physical barriers to root growth promote
loss of urban tree cover.
➢ Animal populations are inhibited by toxic substances,
vehicles, and the loss of habitat and food sources.
Measures to tackle urbanization

➢ Distributed wealth creation can help in generating employment and

creating wealth across the state. This will prevent people from
migrating towards urban areas.

➢ Resources and services like better health, education and Infrastructure

in rural areas can reduce migration trends.
 Conclusion

➢ Thus,we can conclude that urbanization

is a result of shifting of our economy
from agriculture based to other forms.

➢ To reverse this trend a more balanced

approach has to be considered which
will make our economy more inclusive
in nature.
 References

➢ Urbanisation in India: Challenges, Opportunities and

the Way Forward, 2013 , Isher Judge Ahluwalia, Ravi
Kanbur, Prasanna K. Mohanty

➢ Handbook of urbanization in India , 2003 , K. C.

Sivaramakrishnan

> www.hindu.com
>www.economictimes.indiatimes.com