ME307_2020

ME307
ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES
Topic
Degree of Reaction and Its Effect on
pump design

A10: Preliminary Discussion

Name – Awantika Singh

Roll No. – B18163

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DEGREE OF REACTION

 Degree of Reaction is also known as Reaction Ratio (R).

 Degree of Reaction is defined as the ratio of the static pressure drop in the
rotor to the static pressure drop in the stage.
 It is also defined as the reaction ratio as the static enthalpy drop in the
rotor to the static enthalpy drop in the stage.

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IMPORTANCE OF DEGREE OF REACTION

 It is an important factor in designing the blades of a turbine, compressor,

pumps.
 In particular, a change in the degree of reaction affects the leakage flow
substantially in both the stationary and rotating blades due to a change in the
blade loading.
 It also tells about the efficiency and helps in selection of proper machine.
 The degree of reaction contributes to the stage efficiency and thus used as a
design parameter.

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FORMULA FOR PUMPS

Various definitions and formulas exist in terms of enthalpies and pressures,
etc. differently for turbines and pumps. Since my topic is Degree of Reaction
and Its Effect on pump design So, I am going to discuss specifically about
degree of reaction in pumps.

 In pumps, R deals in static and dynamic head. Degree of reaction is

defined as the fraction of energy transfer by change in static head to the
total energy transfer in the rotor.

R = Static pressure rise in rotor

Total pressure rise in Stage

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THERMODYNAMICS APPROACH

 Most of the turbo machines are efficient up to a certain degree and hence it can
be approximated that they undergoes isentropic process in the stage. Hence
using this equation:
T ds = dh- (-p/ƍ) dp

 For isentropic process ∆H = ∆P. Hence,

R = ∆H Rotor
∆H Stage

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DERIVATION

Figure: 1

Figure: 2
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CHOICE OF R AND ITS EFFECT ON PUMP

DESIGN

• R = 0.5
 Stages having 50% degree of reaction are used
where the pressure drop is equally shared by
the stator and the rotor for a turbine.
 This reduces the tendency of boundary layer
separation from the blade surface avoiding large
stagnation pressure losses.
 Velocity triangle becomes symmetric.
 Stage enthalpy gets equally distributed in the
stage. (shown in Figure 3)

Stage Enthalpy diagram for R = 0.5 in a pump

Figure: 3
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R < 0.5

 For Reaction ratio less than half the

pressure drop in the rotor is less than the
pressure drop in the stator for a pump.
 The stator has a larger contribution to the
total work extracted or work done.

Stage Enthalpy for reaction less than half in a pump

Figure: 4
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R > 0.5
 For Reaction ratio greater than half the pressure drop in the rotor is
more than the pressure drop in the stator for a pump.
 In this case the rotor has a larger contribution to the total work
extracted or work done.

R=0
 Special case.
 Also known as Impulse Stage.
 pressure drop is equally shared by the rotor and the stator.
 It is difficult to achieve adiabatic expansion in the impulse stage, i.e.
expansion only in the nozzle, due to irreversibility involved, in actual
practice.

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DEGREE OF REACTION FOR PUMP

 It is the ratio of static pressure rise in a rotor to the total pressure rise in the
pump.
 It is the ratio of static head developed by the impeller to the total head
developed by the pump.

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EFFECT OF DEGREE OF REACTION ON

PUMP DESIGN

 Degree of reaction (R) is an important factor in designing the blades of pumps

and other turbo-machinery.
 If degree of reaction of pump is zero, then impeller does not contribute for
static pressure rise.
 If degree of reaction of pump is one, then impeller solely contribute for static
pressure rise.

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SOLVED NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

I have taken this example from book to understand how to find Reaction Ratio
numerically.

Ques: Air at 1.0 bar and 288K enters an axial flow pump with an axial velocity of 150
m/s. There are no inlet guide vanes. The rotor stage has a tip diameter of 60 cm and
a hub diameter of 50 cm and rotates at 100 rps. The air enters the rotor and leaves
the stator in the axial direction with no change in velocity or radius. The air is turned
through 30.2 degree as it passes through the rotor. Find the degree of reaction.

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Solution:

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KK

 It is an important factor

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SUMMARY

 It is an important factor

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REFERENCES

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/106/112106200/
• Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery by S.L. Dixon, B.Eng.,
PH.D. Senior Fellow at the University of Liverpool FOURTH EDITION
• https://www.wikipedia.org/

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ANY QUESTIONS..??

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THANK YOU..!!

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