COMPACT

DISC
 INTRODUCTION
• A compact disc (CD) is a plastic-fabricated,
circular medium for recording, storing, and
playing back audio, video, and computer data.
• A Compact Disc player (often written as
compact disc player), or CD player, is an
electronic device that plays audio Compact
Discs
 CD
properties
• The dimensions are standardized : the diameter is
120 mm , and the hole in the centre is 15 mm
• Applied in CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-XA, CD-i, Photo-
CD,...
• Constant Linear Velocity (= CLV) while reading
data
• Data stored on 1 side in a spiral
of valleys (named “pits”)
and plains (named “lands”)
 Physical description
• To fit more than 783 megabytes (MB) onto a
disc only 4.8 inches (12 cm) in diameter
requires that the individual bytes be very
small. By examining the physical construction
of a CD, you can begin to understand just how
small these bytes are.
 Diagram of CD layers

A. A polycarbonate disc layer has the data encoded by using

bumps.
B. B. A shiny layer reflects the laser.
C. C. A layer of lacquer helps keep the shiny layer shiny.
D. D. Artwork is screen printed on the top of the disc.
E. E. A laser beam reads the CD and is reflected back to a
sensor, which converts it into electronic data
 Compact Discs:
reading the data
• Data are read in a drive with a laser beam which
converts transitions pit-land to bits.
• The reader head does not touch the surface of
the disc , so that there is no friction and thus no
wear or risk of disc crashes.
• This medium offers random access to data like
other disks for computers.
• Thus access is fast in comparison with media
that have to be read sequentially like tapes.
 Compact Discs:
storage capacity
• 1 CD can store about 600 to 700 MB= 600 000 to
700 000 KB
• For comparison, we should realise that a common
A4 sheet of paper can store an amount of
information in the form of printed characters that
would require about 2 kB of space on a computer.
• So one CD can store about the same amount of
text information equivalent as 300 000 of such A4
sheets
 Tray Design Evolution
• Tray Loading
• Vertical Loading
• Top Loading
• Tray Load with Sliding Mechanism
• Tray Load with Dampers
• Slot Loading
 Function
• A CD player has three major components: a drive
motor, a lens system, and a tracking mechanism
• The drive motor rotates the disc between 200
and 500 revolutions per minute. The tracking
mechanism moves the lens system along the
spiral tracks in which information is encoded, and
the lens reads the information using a laser
beam, typically produced by a laser diode.
 Function
• The laser reads information by focusing a
beam on the CD, which is reflected back to a
sensor. The sensor detects changes in the
beam, and interprets these changes to read
the data. This data is output as sound using a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
 Function
• This information allows the drive motor to
speed up or slow down as needed to read
data at a constant rate.
 Interface
• The interface of a CD player does not vary widely
from manufacturer to manufacturer. It is usually
composed of a few buttons and a display device.
• Common buttons include play, pause, stop,
advance/fast forward, back/rewind and, in the
case of a multiple-CD player, disk selection.
• The display may provide information such as
track number, track time, disk number in the
case of multiple-CD changers and CD-Text.
THANK
YOU