BES 3 - Mechanics of

Deformable Bodies
CHAPTER 1
Stress
Normal Stress
- The intensity of the force acting normal to ∆A is referred to as the
normal stress, σ (sigma). Since ∆F is normal to the area then.

Note:
- If the normal force or stress
“pulls” on ∆A, it is tensile stress,
whereas if it “pushes” on ∆A it is
compressive stress.
Shear Stress
- The intensity of force acting tangent to ∆A is called the shear stress, τ
(tau). Here we have two shear stress components,
General State of Stress
- If the body is further sectioned by planes parallel to the x–z plane, and
the y–z plane, we can then “cut out” a cubic volume element of material that
represents the state of stress acting around a chosen point in the body. This
state of stress is then characterized by three components acting on each face
of the element,
Units
- Since stress represents a force per unit area, in the International
Standard or SI system, the magnitudes of both normal and shear stress are
specified in the basic units of newtons per square meter (N/m2). This
combination of units is called a pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/m2).
Average Normal Stress in as Axially Loaded Bar

Cross Section
- is the section taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar,
and since the bar is prismatic all cross sections are the same throughout its
length.

Homogeneous and Isotropic

- it has the same physical and mechanical properties throughout its
volume, and it has the same properties in all directions.
Average Normal Stress Distribution
Average Normal Stress Distribution
Example 1:
Example 2:
Seatwork: