Department of Education

DIVISION TRAINING OF RECEIVING

TEACHERS
*
 DIVISION TRAINING OF RECEIVING TEACHERS
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 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, you are expected to:
1. identify one’s difficulties & abilities.
2. describe the nature and characteristics of children with
difficulties specifically difficulty in reading, writing,
spelling, counting & calculating.
3. apply accommodations and strategies to support
learners with difficulties.
4. realize the importance of focusing on the learners’
abilities instead of their difficulties.
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 Difficulty in Basic Learning and Applying Knowledge

Difficulty in Basic Learning and Applying Knowledge

represents a difficulty in one or more of the basic
learning processes involved in understanding or using
language, both spoken and written that may manifest
itself in an imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, think,
write, spell, or do mathematical calculations .
 HIDDEN DIFFICULTIES
Difficulty in Counting and
Calculating

Difficulty in Spelling

Difficulty in Reading Difficulty in Writing

Dyslexia Dysgraphia
 Department of Education

Difficulty in Reading
 HIDDEN DIFFICULTY
Difficulty in reading
Dyslexia a general term for disorders that involve
difficulty in learning to read or interpret words,
letters and other symbols, but that do not affect
general intelligence.

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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Reading
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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Reading

 Poor sequencing of numbers like (14 for 41)

 Poor spelling
 Avoids reading aloud
 Difficulty organizing ideas to speak or write
 Left and right confusion
 Letter and word reversal

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 Accommodations
to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Reading

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 Accommodations to Support Learners
with Difficulties in Reading – Demo Lecture
Setting Presentation
Study carrel Repeat directions
Small group Large print editions
Individualized Braille edition
Timing Response
Extended time Mark test booklet
Frequent breaks Word processor
Unlimited time Use references
Scheduling Other
Specific time of day Test preparation
Subtest in different order Out-of-level
BLD-SID Across multiple days NATIONAL TRAININGMotivational cues ASSESSMENT TOOLS
OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED
 Strategies &
Suggested Activities
to help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in
Reading
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 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading
For Instructional Materials

• Tape recorded lessons

• Activities for practice
• Reading guides
For Performance
• Cues for important items
• Peer mediated learning
• Mnemonic instructions

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Department of Education

Difficulty in Writing
 HIDDEN DISABILITIES
Learning difficulty in writing
Dysgraphia is a transcription disability, meaning
it is a writing disorder associated with
impaired handwriting, orthographic coding
(orthography, the storing process of written words
and processing the letters in those words), and
finger sequencing (the movement of muscles
required to write).
BL
 Characteristics of
Learners with
Difficulty in
Writing

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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Writing
 Cramped fingers or unusual grip on writing tool
 Odd wrist, body and paper position
 Excessive erasures
 Inconsistencies: mixing print/cursive and
upper/lower case letters, irregular shapes, sizes
or slant of letters

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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Writing

 Inconsistent spacing between letters an words

 Slow or labored copying or writing
 Misuse of line and margin
 Frequent need for verbal cues and use of sub-vocalizing

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 Accommodations
to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Writing

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties in Writing

For Speed Writing

Give the learner extra time to take notes,
copy material and take tests

Provide typed copies of classroom notes

Allow the learner to record certain class

sessions or use a laptop for writing

Provide paper with name, date, title,

etc., already filled in

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies &
Suggested Activities
to help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in Writing

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 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing
1.By making accommodations for the learner
Allowing more time to complete assignments

Allowing manuscript print instead of cursive handwriting

2.By modifying the task demands
Minimizing the writing task by changing the nature of task
3. By Teaching Handwriting
Sitting Position
Paper position
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Department of Education

Difficulty in Spelling
 HIDDEN DISABILITY

Learning Difficulty in Writing

Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that affects a
person's handwriting ability and fine motor skills.
Problems may include illegible handwriting,
inconsistent spacing, poor spatial planning on paper,
poor spelling , and difficulty composing writing as well
as thinking and writing at the same time.

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 Characteristics
of Learners
with
Difficulty in
Spelling

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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Spelling

 Reversal of letter, syllables or omission and additions

 Timing issues. Slow in speed (e.i. most learners can

spell it in seconds, but for learners with might take it
for five to ten minutes.

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 Accommodations
to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Spelling

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Spelling
For Developing Phonemic Awareness

Involve learners in lots of shared reading

of poems, chants, songs, and big books
with repetitive refrains and rhymes

Select words learners know — from books,

rhymes, songs, and so on — and discover
together how knowing one word can help
with the recognition or writing of others, just
by changing the beginning letter(s)

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 Strategies &
Suggested
Activities
to Help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in
Spelling
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 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling
 Create opportunities for learners to engage in frequent writing
 Aim to develop learners’ self -monitoring and self-correction
strategies
 Give clear and efficient feedback on errors
 Use multisensory methods (saying, hearing, seeing, tracing,
writing, and checking) to improve retention of difficult words
 Repeated writing
 Use of computers with checker

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 Department of Education

Difficulty in
Counting & Calculating
 HIDDEN DIFFICULTY IN BASIC LEARNING AND
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE
Learning difficulty in counting and calculating
Dyscalculia is a difficulty in learning or
comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty
in understanding numbers, learning how to
manipulate numbers, and learning facts in
mathematics. It is generally seen as a specific
developmental disorder.

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 Characteristics of Learners with
Difficulty in Counting and
Calculating

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 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating
 Has trouble learning ordering numbers
 Struggles to recognize patterns, such as smallest to largest or
tallest to shortest

 Has trouble recognizing number symbols

 Has difficulty learning and recalling basic math facts,
such as 2 + 4 = 6

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating
 Struggles to identify +, - and to use them correctly
 Fingers counting
 Has difficulty understanding place value
 Has trouble writing numerals clearly or putting them in the
correct column.

 Has trouble with fractions and measuring things, like

ingredients in a simple recipe.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to
Support Learners
with Difficulties
in Counting &
Calculating.

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating .
For In-Class Learning
Let the learner talk about how to
solve problems

Use graph paper to help line up

numbers and problems

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties in
Counting & Calculating .

Let the learner draw sketches

to solve problem s

Give the learner a list of the math

formulas taught in the class

Use manipulatives such as coins,

blocks and puzzles

NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating .
Classwork and Taking Tests

Allow extra time on tests

Use a chart of math facts or

multiplication tables

Let the learner use a calculator

when he’s not being tested on
computation

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating .

Break down worksheets into sections

Check often to see if the learner

understands the work

NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

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 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating .
For Homework

Create separate worksheets for

word problems and number
problems

Highlight or circle key words and

numbers on word problems

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 Strategies &
Suggested Activities
to Help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in
Counting &
Calculating
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 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Counting & Calculating

 Check for understanding at every step in the lesson

 Provide frequent reviews and revisions of work
 Set learners more “practice” type assignments for homework
 Encourage learners to help one another.
 Peer assistance is a readily available and powerful resource
 Make use of concrete materials and visual representation
to support verbal explanations.
.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 “When you focus on someone’s disability
you’ll overlook their abilities, beauty and
uniqueness. Once you learn to accept and
love them for who they are, you
subconsciously learn to love yourself
unconditionally. ”
-Yvonne Pierre-The Day My Soul Cried: A Memoir
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