​TIMELINE

​OF SPECIES
CREATED BY KICKIN’ CARCINOMA
CONTENT WRITERS:
GARLANDO, GABRIEL Z.
FLAMIANO, JOHN LEMUEL C.
IBAÑEZ, KATHERINE M.
LARANJO, SHANLEY HOPE
MILLAMA, RUBIELYN E.
MIÑON, ALEXA JOY
MORADILLO, JANELLE M.
PRESENTATION CREATOR:
GARLANDO, GABRIEL Z.
 TAMARAW
“Early in their evolutionary history, the bovids split into :two
main clades Boodontia (of Eurasian origin) and Aegodontia (of
African origin). “
The tamaraw or Mindoro dwarf buffalo (Bubalus mindorensis) is
a small hoofed mammal belonging to the family Bovidae and to
a Clade called Boodontia
Many species of the Family Bovidae migrated to other
Continents, due to the Movement of Continents, many of the
mammals in the family were isolated,
Including the tamaraw.
The first documentation of the Tamaraw was in 1888, the
tamaraw population is moderately common throughout most of
Mindoro Island from the lowland forest to the mountain tops
and it’s growth rate were stable up until the later 1900’s
In the 1900’s during the Rapid Advancement of Civilization, The
entire population of the tamaraw in Mindoro were reduced to
60% and later to 12% in 1950’s, estimates of the population was
placed at around 250 but in 1970’s the tamaraw population rose
at least 120 animals, but in the later years this count continues
to dwindle due to human habitation, hunting, and logging, their
habitat is now restricted to only a few remote grassy plains and
up to this day it is one of the Critically Endangered Species.
PHILIPPINE TARSIER
The Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta), known locally as
mawumag in Cebuano and other Visayan languages, and
magô in Waray, is a species of tarsier endemic to the
Philippines. It is found in the southeastern part of the
archipelago, particularly on the islands of Bohol, Samar and
Leyte It is a member of the approximately 45-million-year-
old family Tarsiidae, whose name is derived from its
elongated "tarsus" or ankle bone.
Formerly a member of the genus Tarsius, it is now listed as
the only member of the genus Carlito, a new genus named
after the conservationist Carlito Pizarras.
For the past 45 million years, tarsiers have inhabited
rainforests around the world, but now they exist on only a
few islands in the Philippines, Borneo, and Indonesia. In
Bohol, the Philippine tarsier was a common sight in the
southern part of the island until the 1960s,
The loss of Philippine Tarsier habitat is primarily due to
logging and mining in the forests that they live in, along
with the persistence of an illegal pet trade industry and
being hunted for food by local people have threatened
the tarsier population
 WHALE SHARK
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a relatively recent
addition to the human record of the ocean and its inhabitants.
However, the ancestry of this shark goes back to the Jurassic
and Cretaceous periods 245-65 million years ago, when the
present groups of sharks began to appear.
Whale sharks have a broad distribution in tropical and warm
temperate seas,
It was not until 1828 when the first whale shark specimen
known to science was discovered off the South African coast.
Dr Andrew Smith formally described this species later that year
as the largest living shark in the ocean.
This species is rare. Prior to the mid-1980's, there had been less
than 350 confirmed reports of whale sharks worldwide. Since
this time, consistent sightings have been recorded in Australia,
Africa, Maldives etc. There is currently no robust estimate of the
global whale shark population. The species is
considered endangered by the IUCN due to the impacts of
fisheries, by-catch losses, and vessel strikes, combined with its
long lifespan and late maturation. Due to the decreasing
Population of Whale Sharks,.Many lucrative ecotourism industry
have been established around the world.
PHILIPPINE EAGLE
The Philippine Eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi, also known as the Great
Philippine Eagle or Monkey-eating Eagle, is among the tallest,
rarest, largest and most powerful birds in the world.
The Philippine Eagle's nape is adorned with long brown feathers
that form a shaggy crest. These feathers give it the appearance of
possessing a lion's mane, which in turn resembles the mythical
gryphon.
A recent study of the Philippine Eagle's DNA suggests that the bird
has a unique evolutionary history. Its genetic sequence differs from
those of other large eagles. Researchers from the University of
Michigan analyzed the DNA isolated from blood samples of the
Philippine Eagle. The sequence was then compared to those of
the Harpy Eagle, Crested Eagle, and the New Guinea Harpy Eagle.
All three are related genetically but they are not closely related to
the Philippine Eagle. These species were once believed to be closely
related due to their similar sizes, habitat, and habits; however, these
similarities are now believed to be the result of convergent
evolution. It is actually believed that the closest relative to the
Philippine Eagle may be the much smaller snake eagles.The 2008
Red List listed this species as critically endangered.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature believes
that between 180 and 500 Philippine Eagles survive in the
Philippines.
They are threatened primarily by deforestation through logging and
expanding agriculture. Old growth forest is lost at a high rate, and
most of the eagle's forest in the lowlands is owned by logging
companies. Mining, pollution, exposure to pesticides that affect
breeding, and poaching are also major threats. Additionally, they
are occasionally caught in traps laid by the local people for deer.
Though this is no longer a major problem, the eagle's numbers
were also reduced by being captured for zoos.
 PHILLIPINE DEER
The Philippine deer (Rusa marianna) (Filipino: Usa; Waray: Bugsok), also
known as the Philippine sambar or Philippine brown deer, is
a vulnerable deer species endemic to the Philippines. It was first described
from introduced populations in Guam and the Marianas Islands, hence the
specific name.
The Philippine brown deer is relatively smaller than its relative, the sambar
deer. Its head-and-body length and shoulder height measures 100 to 151 cm
(39 to 59 in), and 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in), respectively. Its weight usually
ranges from 40 to 60 kg. Generally, its color is brown with white tail
underside. Antlers are common among males which measures 20 to 40 cm.
Variations in morphology were observed especially in Mindanao
populations, but is still unknown at present.
The Philippine deer was introduced to Guam by the Spanish governor
Mariano Tobias between 1770 and 1774 as a game species. Although scarce
in its native range in the Philippines, it is overpopulated in many areas of
Guam, posing serious threats to plant communities by overgrazing. It was
also introduced to Rota, Saipan, and Pohnpei but those populations did not
take hold like they did in Guam.
In the later years, The population of the Philippine brown deer are rapidly
declining. Habitat loss and fragmentation drive the deer to hide in the
remaining patches of forest with scarce food to eat. While they forage in
grasslands, the deer prefer forest shade as hiding places, especially during
daytime. The deer also has low fertility, giving birth to a single fawn in each
conception. This means that excessive hunting has a high tendency of
declining their population. The deer is hunted for meat, usually sold at
PhP150-250 per kilogram. Ethnoecological evidences also reveal that the
antler of the deer aside from being a common household decoration, is also
used to treat stomach ache, tooth ache, fever, etc. This is done by scratching
the surface of the antler with a sharp object (e.g. knife), then adding the
powder into a glass of water before drinking.
 DUGONG
Dugongs are cousins of manatees and share a similar plump
appearance, but have a dolphin fluke-like tail. And unlike
manatees, which use freshwater areas, the dugong is strictly a
marine mammal. Commonly known as "sea cows," dugongs
graze peacefully on sea grasses in shallow coastal waters of the
Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
The dugong (/ˈdjuːɡɒŋ/; Dugong dugon) is a medium-sized
marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order
Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the
only living representative of the once-diverse family
Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow
(Hydrodamalis gigas), was hunted to extinction in the 18th
century.
The dugong (/ˈdjuːɡɒŋ/; Dugong dugon) is a medium-sized
marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order
Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the
only living representative of the once-diverse family
Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow
(Hydrodamalis gigas), was hunted to extinction in the 18th
century.
The dugong has been hunted for thousands of years for its
meat and oil. Traditional hunting still has great cultural
significance in several countries in its modern range, particularly
northern Australia and the Pacific Islands. The dugong's current
distribution is fragmented, and many populations are believed
to be close to extinction. The IUCN lists the dugong as a species
vulnerable to extinction
HAWKSBILL TURTLE
HAWKSBILL TURTLE Hawksbill sea turtles are circumtropical, meaning they
inhabit oceans, seas, and associated waters in tropical areas throughout the
world. They are known to go as far south as the coast of Brazil. ... They are
most commonly found in coral reefs, rocky areas, lagoons, and shallow
coastal areas.
Within the sea turtles, E. imbricata has several
unique anatomical and ecological traits. It is the only
primarily spongivorous reptile. Because of this, its evolutionary position is
somewhat unclear. Molecular analyses support placement
of Eretmochelys within the taxonomic tribe Carettini, which includes
the carnivorous loggerhead and ridley sea turtles, rather than in the
tribe Cheloniid, which includes the herbivorous green turtle. The hawksbill
probably evolved from carnivorous ancestors.
The hawksbill sea turtle is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the
family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus Eretmochelys.
The species has a worldwide distribution, with Atlantic and Indo-Pacific
subspecies—E. i. imbricata and E. i. bissa, respectively.
Juvenile hawksbill turtles grew at 9.3 cm year−1 (mean ± 3.2 SD, range 2.3–
20.3; Fig. The greatest rate of growth (20.3 cm year−1) was recorded for one
turtle of 40 cm CCL at initial capture, which was recaptured after 108 days at
liberty having gained 6 cm carapace length.
The hawksbill is one of five marine turtle species found in the Philippines. It's
classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, with its population
declining by 80% over the past 10 years. ... This means that these sea turtles
had been nesting on this area for hundreds of years.” Hawksbills declined
globally by over 80% during the last century. There are difficulties in
accurately assessing population size, but a recent estimate of adult nesting
females of 8,000+ has been made. There are only 5 populations worldwide
with more than 1,000 females nesting annually.