Resonant Circuits

By:
Dr. Rajesh Sharma
Assistant Professor in Physics, PGGC-11, Chandigarh
Email: drrajeshsharma@in.com
RLC Series Circuit

Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Assistant Professor in Physics,

11/28/2020 PGGC-11, Chandigarh. 2
Resonance in RLC Series Circuit
 Series Resonance: The resonance of a series RLC circuit occurs when
the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but
cancel each other because they are 180 degrees apart in phase. The
sharp minimum in impedance which occurs is useful in tuning
applications. The sharpness of the minimum depends on the value of R
and is characterized by the "Q" of the circuit.

Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Assistant Professor in Physics,

11/28/2020 PGGC-11, Chandigarh. 3
RLC Parallel Circuit
 Parallel Resonance: The resonance of a parallel RLC circuit occurs
when the amplitude of electric current (I0) is minimum or the
Impedance (Z) has maximum value.
 and the phase   tan 1  R C  1 
  L 
 
 Effective resistance of the ckt 1
Z
2
1  1 
   C  
 Peak value of current E0 R2  L 
I0 
2
1
 Resonant frequency 0 
LC

Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Assistant Professor in Physics,

11/28/2020 PGGC-11, Chandigarh. 4
Quality Factor (Q-factor) of Resonant Circuit
 Quality factor: The quality factor of RLC ckt is 2 times the ratio of
max. energy stored in the ckt to the energy dissipated pee cycle. i.e.
Maximum energy stored in the ckt
Q  2
Energy dissipated per cycle
 It measured the ability of the ckt to distinguish the resonant frequency
from other frequencies. Also known as Figure of Merit or Q-ratio.
 Q-value for Series resonant circuit is
0 L
Q
R
 Q-value for Parallel resonant circuit is
Q  0 RC

Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Assistant Professor in Physics,

11/28/2020 PGGC-11, Chandigarh. 5
Power in a Series Resonant Circuit
 The average power dissipated in a series resonant circuit can be expressed in
terms of the rms voltage and current as follows:

 Using the forms of the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance, the
term involving them can be expressed in terms of the frequency.

 where use has been made of the resonant frequency expression

 Substitution now gives the expression for average power as a function of
frequency.

 This power distribution is plotted at left using the same circuit parameters as
were used in the example on the Q factor of the series resonant circuit

 since at the resonant frequency ω0 the reactive parts cancel so that the circuit
appears as just the resistance R.

Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Assistant Professor in Physics,

11/28/2020 PGGC-11, Chandigarh. 6