Ecology and Ecosystem

Familiarizing with ecosystem and different

species

Prof. Dr. Kabirul Bashar

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 Rules to write down the name of a species
The scientific name of a species comes from Latin words and consist of
two words.
Example Homo sapiens (human)are Latin words
If handwritten then the two words have to be underlined separately and
if typed then it has to be in italic form.
Example: handwritten form Homo sapiens, typed form Homo sapiens
The first letter of the first part of the name of the species has to be
capital, while the first letter of the second part of the name has to be
small letter
Example: H of Homo is in capital form, while s of sapiens is in small letter
form
Homo sapiens

Capital Small
letter letter

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Different types of animals

• Mammal (Examples: human, dog, cat) If an animal drinks milk when

it is a baby and has hair on its body, it belongs to the mammal class.
• Bird (Examples: eagle, parrot) All birds have feathers and birds are
the only animals that do.  The feathers on a bird’s wings and tail
overlap.  Because they overlap, the feathers catch and hold the air. 
This helps the bird to fly, steer itself and land.
• Fish (Examples: telapia, hilsha) Fish are a class of aquatic
vertebrates.  The combination of gills, fins and the fact that they live
only in the water make fish different from all other animals.

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Different types of animals (contd..)

• Reptiles (Examples: snake, crocodile) Reptiles are a class of animal

with scaly skin.  They are cold blooded and are born on land.

• Amphibians (Examples: Frog)The word amphibian means two-lives. 

Amphibians spend their lives in the water and on land. Amphibians
are cold-blooded, which means that they are the same temperature
as the air or water around them.
• Arthropods (Examples: Insects, shrimp) Any animals that have more
than four, jointed legs are arthropods.

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 Fundamentals of ecosystems

• What is an ecosystem?
Life is sustained by the interactions of many organisms functioning
together, interacting through their physical and chemical
environments – called ecosystem. Example: a forest ecosystem.
• Ecosystem Structure (what are there?)
An ecosystem has two major parts:
• Nonliving: physical-chemical environment, including the local
atmosphere, water, and mineral soil (on land) or other
substrate (in water)
• Living: called the ecological community, is the set of species
interacting within the ecosystem

Lec 7; KBS 55
• Ecosystem Processes (how it works?)
Two basic kinds of processes must occur in an ecosystem:
• a cycling of chemical elements - as we learned in the
last lecture
• a flow of energy – will be described later

• These processes are necessary for all life, but no single

species can carry out all necessary chemical cycling and
energy flow alone. That is why sustained life on Earth is a
characteristic of ecosystems, not of individuals or
populations.

Lec 7; KBS 66
Food chains & Food webs

Lec 7; KBS 77
Lec 7; KBS 88
 An Oceanic Food Chain and Web

• In oceans, food webs involve more

species and have more trophic
levels than in a terrestrial
ecosystem.
• In a open-ocean ecosystem (Figure
5.6), microscopic single-cell
planktonic algae and planktonic
photosynthetic bacteria are in the
first trophic level.
• Small invertebrates called
zooplankton and some fish feed on
the algae and photosynthetic
bacteria, forming the second trophic
level.
• Other fish and invertebrates feed on
these herbivores and form the third
trophic level. Lec 7; KBS 99
Oceanic food pyramid

Lec 7; KBS 10
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A Terrestrial Food Web

Lec 7; KBS 11
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Different food chain

Lec 7; KBS 12
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlrTWcRyEv8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAkuHTtNIVs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHmauuvNlA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMU9_wCpPaw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3aWLpOiEk8

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 Name Plate

• Common Name/English Name:

• Local name/Bangla Name:
• Scientific Name:
• Family:
• Date of Collection:
• Name:
• ID & Section:

http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Category:Flora

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