THE BRITISH

INVASION
Chapter 12
British War
2 years (1762-1764)
The Spaniards could be beaten.
The only time in our history, the Philippines had
three governors general
The British also made many changes in Philippine
history.
Why the British Came.
The British invaded the Philippines as part of Seven
Years War (1756-1763)
The two leading opponents in this war were Britain
and France.
They clashed in Europe, in America and in Asia.
France was supported by Spain because the king of
both country are related from the Bourbon family
Seven Years War 0f the Big Powers of Europe
Used this war as an excuse to invade the Philippines
and to colonized it
Arrival of the British Invaders
Was planned from India by the British East India
Company.
At the time, British East India Company was the
colonial authority in India.
British officials of the East India Company prepared
the military expedition for the conquest of the
Philippines (a Spanish colony).
British Expedition
13 ships
6,830 men (British and Indian troops)
Commanders : Admiral Samuel Cornish and
General William Draper
September 22, 1762 British fleet entered Manila Bay
Officials and residents of Manila did not know that
the ships were hostile enemies.
They did not know that Spain was now at war with
Britain, because they had not received any news of the
Seven Years War.
 Surrender of Manila to the British
September 23 1762, two British officers under a flag of
truce went ashore and entered Manila.
They presented the British demand for the surrender
of the city to the Spanish governor general.
The acting Spanish governor general was Archbishop
Manuel Antoni Rojo, the Archbishop was surprised
but he refused to surrender.
General Draper immediately ordered the attack of
Manila.
The British troops landed at Malate and occupied the
areas of Ermita, Malate, Bagumbayan (Luneta)
around Intramuros.
Manila was not in a position to fight the enemy.
The Spanish officials were caught by surprise, and they
did not have enough troops or arms to defend the city.
Two attempts by the Spanish defenders to save the
city failed.
One was led by Cesar Fallet, a French soldier-of-
fortune, who led some Filipino-Spanish troops.
The other was led by Manalastas, a fearless
Pampangeño, who led some Filipino warriors from
nearby provinces.
The forces led by Manalastas proved Filipino loyalty
to Spain.
But they too, were outfought by the British Invaders.
 British VS. Spain
Archbishop Rojo held and emergency council of war
to decide what to do.
The Spanish officials could not agree among
themselves.
Some wanted to surrender to the British.
Others wanted to keep on fighting.
Night of October 4, 1762, part of the city wall facing
Luneta was blown open by the British Cannons.
At sunsrise of the next day, the invaders stormed the
city through the hole in that wall.
Fierce fighting began in the streets of Intramuros.
As the battle raged, panic spread among the people.
Many people were killed in the streets and houses.
Hundreds tried to escape through the Pasig river.
But the British soldiers fired on them and killed them
mercilessly.
To put a stop to the horrible killing, Archbishop Rojo
raised the white flag of surrender at Fort Santiago on
October 5 , 1762.
Thus Manila fell to the British invaders
On the following day, October 6, 1762, the Spanish
authorities signed the terms of surrender.
 The Looting of Manila
Spoils of War
After the surrender of Manila to British invaders, a
horrible thing happened.
The British and Indian conquerors looted homes,
schools, churches and other buildings in Manila.
For more than 30 hours, the wild soldiers went into
private homes and public buildings, and they stole
precious art, valuables, and anything else they
wanted.
They burned 400 houses in Tondo and Binondo
They opened even the graves of important officials
including those of Legazpi and Salcedo, in San
Agustin Church.
The nuns in the Covenant of Santa Clara were
protected only when General Draper ordered it
surrounded by his troops.
The outrageous looting of Manila on October 6 and 7,
1762 shocked the people because it was first of its kind.
 Spoils of War
The Spaniards and Filipinos never imagined that the
British, who were supposed to be civilized, would
allow it to happen.
The memory of this tragic event is still preserved as a
hist0rical marker at San Agustin Church in
Intramru0s.
Many Philippine treasures were stolen and taken
abroad by the British and lost our 0wn hist0rical
rec0rds and antiques w0rth ₱ 1,000, 000
Three Governors General in Philippines
One of the interesting effects of the British occupation
of the Philippines was the existence of three governors
general in the country.
For two years (1762-64), each one of these governors
general claimed to be the real head of the colony
Three Governors General in Philippines
1. The British governor who was appointed by the British East
India Company.
After the fall of Manila, the British named their own man to rule
their new colony.
The British governor ruled, assisted by a legislative b0dy called
the Manila Council
The first was Daws0nne Drake. The last one was Alexander
Dalrymple.
2. The acting Spanish g0vern0r general 0r Archbishop Antonio
Manuel R0jo. Although surrendered and claim to be real
defeated leader of Spanish forces and residents. He died on
January 30, 1764.
3. The rebel governor general, 0r Simon de Anda, led
the Filipino and Spanish troops.
Anda escaped from Manila and went to Bacolor,
Pampanga
Filipino Remain Loyal to Spain
Did not conquer the provinces.
They only conquered Manila, Cavite and some
nearby areas like Cainta, Taytay, and Pasig.
 The Filipinos did not welcome the British
because of two reasons.
They were shocked by the horrible looting of Manila
after it was surrendered to the British
Spanish priests warmed them that the British were
Protestants who did not believe to the Catholic region.
End of the British Invasion
The European Big Powers signed the Treaty Of Paris on
February 10, 1763 to end the war.
May 31, 1764, the rebel leader Anda and his troops made
their triumphant entry into Manila to the cheers of the
people, the salute of guns, and the sound of music.
At the patio of Santa Cruz Church in Manila, the British
hundred over the ruling power back to Spain.
Then they sailed away, never to return. (British armies)
The British had occupied the Philippines for a year and
a half.
Historical Values
The British opened the Philippines to the outside world.
The defeat of the Spaniards by the British could beat the Spaniards,
the Filipinos could do it, too.
The British introduced the English language and free local
elections in the Philippines.
The British brought their lively music and dance.
Some social customs and dress came from the British.
The British founded the first Masonic lodge in the Philippines.
Many Indian soldiers (called Sepoya) deserted the British army and
settled in the Philippines
The British occupied the island of Balambangan, which is between
Palawan and Borneo.
Summary
THE PHILIPPINE became a British colony briefly for
only 2 years (1762-1764).
Wall sculpture of Anda at Santa Crus Church, in
Manila to commemorate his victory.
1878 British acquired Sabah ( North borneo)