PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

Dosen pengampu : Yanasari, S.Si

 Manometers
Presure
measurement
Mechanical
gauges
MANOMETERS
• DEFINED AS THE DEVICES USED FOR
MEASURING THE PRESSURE AT POINT IN A
FLUID BY BALANCING THE COLUMN OF
LIQUID BY THE SAME OR ANOTHER
COLUMN OF LIQUID
JENIS-JENIS MANOMETER
• piezometer
Simple • U-tube manometer
manometers • Single column manometer

Differential
manometer
Piezometer
• The simple form of manometer
which can be used for
measuring moderate pressures
of liquid.
• A piezometer tube is not
suitable for measuring
negative pressure
U-Tube Manometer
U-tube manometer consists of a glass tube
bent in U-shape, one end of which is
connected to a point at which pressure is to
be measured and other end remains open to
the atmosphere.
For Positive Pressure
let
• h1 = height of the light liquid in
the left limb above the datum
line
• h2 = height of the heavy liquid
in the right limb above the
datum line
• h = pressure in pipe,
expressed in terms of head
• s1 = specific gravity of the light
liquid
• s2 = specific gravity of the
heavy liquid
For negative Pressure
• pressure head above X-X in
the left limb
• pressure head above X-X in
the right limb = 0
Single Column Manometer
For any variation in pressure, the change
in the liquid level in the reservoir will be
so small that it may be neglected, and the
pressure is indicated by the height of the
liquid in the other limb.
Single Column Manometer
Vertikal Single Column
manometer

Let
• h1 = height of the centre of the pipe
above X-X
• h2 = rise of heavy liquid ( after
experiment ) in the right limb
• h = fall of the heavy liquid level in the
reservoir
• h = pressure in the pipe, expressed in
terms of head of water
• A = cross-sectional area of the reservoir
• a = cross-sectiona area of the tube
( right limb )
equation becomes
• S1 = specific gravity of the light liquid in
pipe
• S2 = specific gravity of the heavy liquid
Single Column Manometer
Inclined single column manometer Let

• l = length of the heavy liquid

moved in right limb
•  = inclination of right limb
with horizontal
• h2 = vertical rise of liquid in
right limb from X-X = l sin 
Differential Manometers
• A differential manometer is used to measure the
difference in pressures betwen two points in a
pipe, or in two different pipes.
• Two types of differential manometers :
▫ U-tube differential manometer
▫ Inverted U-tube differential manometer
U-tube differential manometer

Two pipes at differential levels

Two pipes at same level

Difference of pressure head : Difference of pressure head :

Inverted U-tube differential manometer

This type of manometer is

used for measuring
difference of two pressure
where accuracy is the major
consideration.
Pressure heads in the left
limb and the right limb below
the datum line X-X are
equal :
Mechanical Gauges

• The devices in which the pressure is measured by

balancing the fluid column by spring ( elastic element ) or
dead weight.
• Generally these gauges are used for measuring high
pressure and where high precision is not required
Mechanical Gauges
Bourdon tube
pressure gauge

Diaphragm pressure
gauge

Bellow pressure
gauge

Dead-weight pressure
Mechanical Gauges
• TUGAS KELOMPOK
• TUGAS : JELASKAN TENTANG MECHANICAL
GAUGES DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA
INDONESIA. BATAS AKHIR PENGUMPULAN
TERAKHIR RABU, 30 MARET 2016 WAKTU
11.00