Applied Thermodynamics

Sachin Belgamwar
BITS Pilani Mechanical Engineering Department
Pilani Campus
Objective

 Basic Types of steam generators

 Circulation
 Boiler Drum
 Typical Boilers
 Boiler Mountings
 Problem

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 Industrial steam generator

• Application: Process industry like paper, sugar, jute etc.

• They operates in the pressure range of 5 to 105 bar and

steam capacity up to 125 kg/sec.

• Generally they do not produce superheated steam, and

supply wet or saturated steam and even sometimes only

hot water

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Marine steam generators

They are oil fired.

Pressure of steam about 60-65 bar and 5400C.

Application: Ships driven by steam turbine.

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Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

DNB

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

DNB

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Circulation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 A120 MW power plant has steam condition at boiler outlet as 100 bar,
500 deg C and condenser pressure of 0.1 bar. The boiler efficiency
is 90 %. The boiler consumes coal of calorific value 25.7 MJ/kg. The
feed water temperature at the boiler inlet is 160 deg C. The steam
generator has riser in the furnace wall of 40 m high and unheated
down comers. The quality at the top of the riser is 8% and a
minimum exit velocity of the mixture leaving the riser and entering
the drum is required to be 2 m/s. The risers have 60 mm OD and 3
mm thickness. Neglecting any heat lost , pressure drop and pump
work. Estimate the following
(a) The steam generation rate (b) The fuel burning rate (c) the
evaporation factor(d) the pressure head available for natural
circulation (e) Circulation ratio f) the number of risers required

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Boiler Drum

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Boiler Drum

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Boiler Drum

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Boiler Drum

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Boiler Drum

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Boiler Mountings and
Accessories
Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and
control are knows as boiler mountings
Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency
of the boiler and help in the smooth working of the plant
are knows as boiler accessories.
Fittings which are essential from the safety
point of view are as follows,
 Water level indicators
 Safety valves
 Combined high steam and low water safety valve
 Fusible plug

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 Boiler Mountings and
Accessories contd….
Fittings which are essential from the control
point of view are as follows,
 Pressure gauge
 Junction or stop valve
 Feed check valve
 Blow-off cock
 Man hole and Mud Box
The important accessories are
 Superheater
 Economiser
 Air-preheater
 Feed pump or injector

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